摘要：Recently,the increasing interest in wearable technology for personal healthcare and smart virtual/augmented reality applications has led to the development of facile fabrication *** have long been used to develop original solutions to such challenging technological problems due to their remote,sterile,rapid,and site-selective processing of *** this review,recent developments in relevant laser processes are summarized under two separate ***,transformative approaches,such as for laser-induced graphene,are *** addition to design optimization and the alteration of a native substrate,the latest advances under a transformative approach now enable more complex material compositions and multilayer device configurations through the simultaneous transformation of heterogeneous precursors,or the sequential addition of functional layers coupled with other electronic *** addition,the more conventional laser techniques,such as ablation,sintering,and synthesis,can still be used to enhance the functionality of an entire system through the expansion of applicable materials and the adoption of new ***,various wearable device components developed through the corresponding laser processes are discussed,with an emphasis on chemical/physical sensors and energy *** addition,special attention is given to applications that use multiple laser sources or processes,which lay the foundation for the all-laser fabrication of wearable devices.

摘要：Hypoxia is a typical feature of the tumor microenvironment,one of the most critical factors affecting cell behavior and tumor ***,the lack of tumor models able to precisely emulate natural brain tumor tissue has impeded the study of the effects of hypoxia on the progression and growth of tumor *** study reports a three-dimensional(3D)brain tumor model obtained by encapsulating U87MG(U87)cells in a hydrogel containing type I *** also documents the effect of various oxygen concentrations(1%,7%,and 21%)in the culture environment on U87 cell morphology,proliferation,viability,cell cycle,apoptosis rate,and ***,it compares two-dimensional(2D)and 3D *** comparison purposes,cells cultured in flat culture dishes were used as the control(2D model).Cells cultured in the 3D model proliferated more slowly but had a higher apoptosis rate and proportion of cells in the resting phase(G0 phase)/gap I phase(G1 phase)than those cultured in the 2D ***,the two models yielded significantly different cell ***,hypoxia(e.g.,1%O2)affected cell morphology,slowed cell growth,reduced cell viability,and increased the apoptosis rate in the 3D *** results indicate that the constructed 3D model is effective for investigating the effects of biological and chemical factors on cell morphology and function,and can be more representative of the tumor microenvironment than 2D culture *** developed 3D glioblastoma tumor model is equally applicable to other studies in pharmacology and pathology.

摘要：Three-dimensional(3D)printing has attracted increasing research interest as an emerging manufacturing technology for devel-oping sophisticated and exquisite architecture through hierarchical *** has also been employed in various advanced industrial *** development of intelligent biomedical engineering has raised the requirements for 3D printing,such as flexible manufacturing processes and technologies,biocompatible constituents,and alternative ***,state-of-the-art 3D printing mainly involves inorganics or polymers and generally focuses on traditional industrial fields,thus severely limiting applications demanding biocompatibility and *** this regard,peptide architectonics,which are self-assembled by programmed amino acid sequences that can be flexibly functionalized,have shown promising potential as bioinspired inks for 3D ***,the combination of 3D printing and peptide self-assembly poten-tially opens up an alternative avenue of 3D bioprinting for diverse advanced ***,a small but innovative nation,has significantly contributed to 3D bioprinting in terms of scientific studies,marketization,and peptide architectonics,including modulations and applications,and ranks as a leading area in the 3D bioprinting *** review summarizes the recent progress in 3D bioprinting in Israel,focusing on scientific studies on printable components,soft devices,and tissue *** paper further delves into the manufacture of industrial products,such as artificial meats and bioinspired supramolecular architectures,and the mechanisms,physicochemical properties,and applications of peptide ***,Israel contributes significantly to the field of 3D bioprinting and should thus be appropriately recognized.

摘要：Introduction In the past decade,three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting,which precisely deposits bioink composed of the biological materials and the living cells into delicate structures with the living cells encapsulated,has made numerous important advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine[1,2].Depending on the printing mechanism,3D bioprinting technologies are generally categorized into four types:inkjet-based bioprinting,microextrusion-based bioprinting,laser-assisted bioprinting,and stereolithography-based bioprinting[3].

摘要：Introduction 3D bioprinting offers a unique biofabrication platform that allows the generation of functional tissue constructs in a spatially/geometrically controlled and automated manner using a 3 D printer and *** serves as the carrier medium that provides the ideal physico-mechanical characteristics for printability,shape fidelity,and support;and a biological microenvironment for the living cells prior to,during.

摘要：Lattice structures have drawn much attention in engineering applications due to their lightweight and multi-functional *** this work,a mathematical design approach for functionally graded(FG)and helicoidal lattice structures with triply periodic minimal surfaces is *** types of lattice structures including uniform,helicoidal,FG,and combined FG and helicoidal are fabricated by the additive manufacturing *** deformation behaviors,mechanical properties,energy absorption,and acoustic properties of lattice samples are thoroughly *** load-bearing capability of helicoidal lattice samples is gradually improved in the plateau stage,leading to the plateau stress and total energy absorption improved by over 26.9%and 21.2%compared to the uniform sample,*** phenomenon was attributed to the helicoidal design reduces the gap in unit cells and enhances fracture *** acoustic properties,the design of helicoidal reduces the resonance frequency and improves the peak of absorption coefficient,while the FG design mainly influences the peak of absorption *** broad range of frequency from 1000 to 6300 Hz,the maximum value of absorption coefficient is improved by18.6%-30%,and the number of points higher than 0.6 increased by 55.2%-61.7%by combining the FG and helicoidal *** study provides a novel strategy to simultaneously improve energy absorption and sound absorption properties by controlling the internal architecture of lattice structures.

摘要：Backgrou nd Dense titanium(Ti)fusion cages have been commonly used in transforaminal lumbar interbody ***,the stiffness mismatch between cages and adjacent bone endplates increases the risk of stress shielding and cage *** The current study presents a multiscale optimization approach for porous Ti fusion cage development,including microscale topology optimization based on homogenization theory that obtains a unit cell with prescribed mechanical properties,and macroscale topology optimization that determines the layout of framework structure over the porous cage while maintaining the desired *** biomechanical performance of the designed porous cage is assessed using numerical simulations of fusion *** laser melting is employed to assists with fabricating the designed porous structure and porous *** The simulations demonstrate that the designed porous cage increases the strain energy density of bone grafts and decreases the peak stress on bone *** mechanical and morphological discrepancies between the as-designed and fabricated porous structures are also *** From the perspective of biomechanics,it is demonstrated that the designed porous cage contributes to reducing the risk of stress shielding and cage *** optimization of processing parameters and post-treatments are required to fabricate the designed porous *** present multiscale optimization approach can be extended to the development of cages with other shapes or materials and further types of orthopedic implants.

摘要：Factors for determining the spindle size are the shaft diameter,positions of bearing and motor,and entire length of the ***,it is important to find the assembling of the optimal design variables,which satisfy the stiffness and rotational speed required to the spindle.A general full factorial design method was used to verify some factors that affect the natural frequency of a *** is verified that the shorter shaft length and bearing span length represent the higher natural frequency,and there are some effects according to the change in the levels of *** detailed spindle dimension is determined by applying an EVD method,which can define the optimal bearing position through considering the limiting *** on the estimated regression model,the optimal spindle size and bearing distance that can improve the primary natural frequency are obtained,and the influence of design factors on the natural frequency is also analyzed.

摘要：The wear rate between the rotors of a hypotrochoidal gear pump is *** the knowledge of shape design on the rotors,the contact stresses without hydrodynamic effect between the rotor teeth were evaluated through the calculation of the Hertzian contact *** on the above results and the sliding velocity between the rotors,a genetic algorithm (GA) was used as an optimization technique forminimizing the wear rate proportional factor (WRPF).The result shows that the wear rate or the WRPF can be reduced considerably,*** 12.8%,throughout the optimization using GA.

摘要：Rotational atherectomy is an effective treatment for severe vascular calcification obstruction,and relies on high-speed grinding(typically 130,000–210,000 r/min)with miniature grinding tools to remove calcified tissue and restore blood ***,reports of intraoperative complications are common because of the grinding force,temperature,and debris directly acting on the body during the grinding process,which can easily cause damage to *** this study,three novel grinding tools were designed and fabricated and a series of experiments have been conducted to analyze the effects of tool geometry and parameters on grinding performance,that is,force,temperature,and specimen surface *** results show that these tools can effectively remove simulated calcified tissue and that they have two motions,rotation and revolution,in the *** higher rotational speeds,grinding force and temperature increase noticeably,while the amount of debris decreases *** addition,by observing the surface morphology of the specimens,we concluded that the material removal rate per unit time is influenced by both rotational speed and tool geometry,and that high rotational speed and a rough tool surface can improve the material removal rate efficiently.