摘要：过渡金属磷化物是电催化设计中的新兴材料,而多元金属磷化物因其能显著提高电催化活性而备受关注.然而,由于不同种类金属前驱物之间水解和缩合速率的差异,当前有关超过两种金属元素和化学计量比精确控制的多元金属磷化物的报道非常少.因此,合理设计多元金属磷化物的组成对提高其催化性能具有重要意义.本工作通过直接磷化二价过渡金属离子氢氧化物的合成策略,制备了能够精确控制化学计量比(x:y:z=(1–10):(1–10):1)的分级结构Co_(x)Ni_(y)Fe_(z)P,其中具有最优组分的Co_(1.3)Ni_(0.5)Fe_(0.2)P在析氧反应(OER)中展示了优异的催化活性和高稳定性.密度泛函理论计算表明,相对于其他组分的过渡金属磷化物,Co_(1.3)Ni_(0.5)Fe_(0.2)P在费米能级附近的态密度明显增加,这可以增强催化剂对OH−的吸附,从而提升OER性能.

摘要：Eutectic and near-eutectic high entropy alloys(HEAs) have recently attracted a great deal of interest because of their promising properties, such as an excellent castability and unique combination of good ductility and high strength. However, in the absence of a phase diagram, it remains a non-trivial task to find a eutectic or near-eutectic composition for a HE A system, which usually demands a tremendous amount of efforts if a trial-and-error approach is followed. In this paper, we briefly review the thermodynamics that governs the eutectic solidification in regular binary and ternary alloys, and proceed to the discussion for the design of eutectic HEAs. Based on the data reported, we then propose an improved strategy which may enable an efficient search for the eutectic or near eutectic HEA compositions.

摘要：Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system has been regarded as one promising means to alleviate current energy demand because it can directly generate electricity from radiation heat via photons. However, the presently available TPV systems suffer from low conversion efficiency and low throughput. A viable solution to increase their efficiency is to apply micro/nanoscale radiation principles in the design of different components to utilize the characteristics of thermal radiation at small distances and in microstructures. Several critical issues are reviewed, such as photovoltaic effect, quantum efficiency and efficiency of TPV system. Emphasis is given to the development of wavelength-selective emitters and filters and the aspects of micro/nanoscale heat transfer. Recent progress, along with the challenges and opportunities for future development of TPV systems are also outlined.

摘要：在这研究，我们报导了 wellordered 数组的设计，制造，和描述垂直地排列，取向附生非最后 2 /Si heterostructures 并且单人赛水晶非最后 2 nanowires 在上(001 ) Si 底层。取向附生非最后 有 \ 的 2 (\{\bar 111 \}\) 方面被发现是第一并且唯一的 silicide 阶段在在象 300 琠敨攠癮 一样低的温度退火以后在 Si nanowires 内形成了？？

摘要：Given the demand for constantly scaling microelectronic devices to ever smaller dimensions, a SiO_2 gate dielectric was substituted with a higher dielectric-constant material, Hf(Zr)O_2, in order to minimize current leakage through dielectric thin film. However, upon interfacing with high dielectric constant(high-κ) dielectrics, the electron mobility in the conventional Si channel degrades due to Coulomb scattering, surface-roughness scattering, remotephonon scattering, and dielectric-charge trapping. III-V and Ge are two promising candidates with superior mobility over Si. Nevertheless, Hf(Zr)O_2/III-V(Ge) has much more complicated interface bonding than Si-based interfaces. Successful fabrication of a high-quality device critically depends on understanding and engineering the bonding conflgurations at Hf(Zr)O_2/III-V(Ge) interfaces for the optimal design of device interfaces. Thus, an accurate atomic insight into the interface bonding and mechanism of interface gap states formation becomes essential. Here, we utilize firstprinciple calculations to investigate the interface between HfO_2 and Ga As. Our study shows that As—As dimer bonding, Ga partial oxidation(between 3+ and 1+) and Ga— dangling bonds constitute the major contributions to gap states. These findings provide insightful guidance for optimum interface passivation.

摘要：斑马贻贝是引起大损坏到淡水依赖者工业的一个重要水的害虫，由于这里讨论的工程的主要目标是开发改进答案控制这种的 ***。三条途径在一次尝试被探索了为存在 bio-cides 设计创新应用程序策略：毒素的(i) 封装；(i i ) 毒素的联合；(iii ) 硬币到毒素的忍耐的季节的变化的调查。在这篇论文，在每个话题的这些途径和主要结果后面的原则被介绍。采用一个化学产品工程的好处在进行这个工程来临也被讨论。

摘要：以二氧化碳(CO_(2))和氧化氮(NO_(x))为原料来电催化合成尿素的方法可以极大降低碳排放.然而,这种方法最大的挑战是缺乏有效的电催化剂.本文中,我们设计了一组C_(9)N_(4)担载的三单原子电催化剂用于尿素生产.使用DFT理论计算了反应路径,使用过渡态理论搜寻了多个反应能垒,结果表明三单原子催化剂Ni_(2)Zn/C_(9)N_(4)能够高效地电催化合成尿素.Ni_(2)Zn/C_(9)N_(4)的作用是多重的:它不仅可以促使CO_(2)和NO_(x)转化成耦合前驱体,更重要的是通过一步N-C-N耦合机制促进尿素的生成,从而抑制其他竞争反应.具体来讲,在这种N-C-N耦合机制中,^(*)CO插入到已经形成的H_(2)N^(*)-^(*)NH_(2)中,与两个N原子同时结合.本工作展示了三单原子催化剂在电催化生成含多个氮/碳原子化合物过程中的重要作用.

摘要：As a bone scaffold,meeting all basic requirements besides dealing with other bone-related issues-bone cancer and accelerated regeneration-is not expected from traditional scaffolds,but a newer class of scaffolds called *** a clinical point of view,being a multifunctional scaffold means reducing in healing time,direct costs-medicine,surgery,and hospitalization-and indirect costs-loss of mobility,losing job,and *** main aim of the present review is following the multifunctional bone scaffolds trend to deal with both bone regeneration and cancer *** consideration is given to different fabrication techniques which have been applied to yield these materials spanning from traditional to modern ***,the hierarchical structure of bone plus bone cancers and available medicines to them are introduced to familiarize the potential reader of review with the pluri-disciplinary essence of the ***,a brief discussion relating to the future trend of these materials is provided.

摘要：In this review paper,the challenges and some recent developments of adhesive bonding technology in composite aircraft structures are *** durability of bonded joints is defined and presented for parameters that may influence bonding *** is also,a numerical design approach for composite joining profiles used to realize adhesive *** is shown that environmental ageing and pre-bond contamination of bonding surfaces may degrade significantly fracture toughness of bonded ***,it is obvious that additional research is needed in order to design joining profiles that will enable load transfer through shearing of the *** findings,together with the limited capabilities of existing non-destructive testing techniques,can partially explain the confined use of adhesive bonding in primary composite aircraft structural parts.

摘要：过渡金属磷化物具有高电导率和高电化学活性,是一类新兴的混合电容器电极材料.然而制备具有快速反应动力学和稳定结构的过渡金属磷化物仍然是一大挑战.本文将Mo或W引入到Ni CoP中,得到具有三维开放结构的纳米阵列和优化电子结构的异质结构.相比于NiCo P纳米阵列,Ni-Co-Mo-P或Ni-Co-W-P纳米阵列具有更大的比表面积和更多的空隙,这种独特的结构不仅有助于电解液的渗透,还可以缓解氧化还原过程中的体积变化.密度泛函理论计算结果显示引入高价Mo或W元素形成异质结构提高了材料的本征电导率,加快了反应动力学.Ni-Co-Mo-P纳米阵列在2 m A cm^(-2)的电流密度下表现出4.08 C cm^(-2)(703 C g^(-1))的高面积比容量;在30 m A cm^(-2)下,比容量还能保持在3.25 C cm^(-2).此外,Ni-Co-Mo-P纳米阵列与活性炭组装成的水系混合超级电容器表现出800 W kg^(-1)的高能量密度.本研究为高性能过渡金属磷化物基电极材料的设计拓宽了思路,有助于促进其在混合电容器中的应用.