摘要：本文设计了基于二维玻璃态石墨烯的多功能器件.与本征石墨烯相比,扭曲的晶格结构打开了玻璃态石墨烯的带隙,表现出与石墨烯类似甚至更优异的光电探测与化学传感性能.由于玻璃态石墨烯与空气中的小分子间较强的相互作用,该器件受到光致脱附的影响更小,呈现出正的光响应.在405 nm的激光照射下,器件的响应率为0.22 A W^(-1),探测率为10^(10)Jones.此外,玻璃态石墨烯中的固有缺陷和应变可增强分析物的吸附,获得良好的化学传感性能.玻璃态石墨烯器件探测丙酮的信噪比为48,比石墨烯器件提高了50%以上.此外,对偏压和厚度有关的挥发性有机化合物(VOC)感测功能的分析表明,少层玻璃态石墨烯更为敏感.这项研究表明玻璃态石墨烯在集成光电探测和化学传感多功能器件方面具有巨大应用前景.

摘要：This study presents theoretical considerations and results of a portable shell and tube heat exchanger in a solar water distiller system. The device is composed of a glass heat exchanger, which served as a condenser for vapor condensing which were produced in black paint solar absorber. It was also composed of a tank for water source and a tank for produced distilled water. Shell and tube was designed and simulated using an implicit numerical scheme. Simulation results showed that accumulated mass water greatly depended on the inlet vapor temperature and volume, heat exchanger material, coolant water temperature and volume. Thus, changing the material from stainless steel to glass in the same condition (vapor temperature, vapor volume, coolant temperature and coolant volume). These inexpensive shell and tube heat exchangers permitted to produce 40 litre/day, distilled water from vapor with 378 K inlet temperature in atmosphere pressure. If inlet pressure increases, vapor temperature will decline and thereupon, heat exchanger’s efficiency tangibility will increase.

摘要：The invention of this study harvests a portion of hydropower in the fire hose to drive a micro turbine generator and the electric power generated is used to light the LED (light-emitting diode) attached on the fire nozzle for the illumination of dark scene (it is called nozzle light in this study). The simulation and experiment are done to match the design of nozzle light. Nozzle light provides firefighters a synergistic function to spray the water and illuminate the fire field at the same time without requiring any extra hand to handle the light. It indeed increases both the efficiency of putting off a fire and the safety of firefighters. The most innovative benefit is that neither heavy battery nor utility wires are needed to get the lighting.

摘要：轮胎模拟是当今轮胎行业技术研究的一项必要手段。汽车制造商、政府部门和消费者要求轮胎在任何情况下都具有更好的牵引性能和更低的磨耗，还要求轮胎有更低的噪声和滚动阻力。因此，在轮胎设计过程中采用有限元分析来解决这些互相制约的需求问题。轮胎有限元模拟可以深入了解轮胎的特殊性能，缩短开发时间，降低开发成本。评测轮胎操纵性能必须准确预测轮胎在道路上的静态变形和动态滚动响应。

摘要：Invertase hydrolyses sucrose, produces inverted sugar syrup, which is used, mainly, as a food composition in industries. To carry out the hydrolysis properly, the invertase should be stable in the soluble form through a considerable reaction period and recovered afterwards. The chosen reactor was a CSTR-type (continuous stirred tank reactor-type) coupled with an UFM (ultrafiltration-membrane), the so-called MR (membrane reactor). The varied parameters were sucrose concentration (10-300 mM), temperature (5-65 °C), reaction volume (14 mL and 65 mL), stirring (100-500 rpm), volumetric feeding rate (2.2-12 mL/h) and UFM MWCO (molecular weight cut off) (10, 20, 30, 50 and 100 kDa). The invertase kinetic constants (K M = 23.5 mM; V max = 2,758 μmol gluc /min·mg prot; E a = 9.1 kcal/mol) and the temperature deactivation energy (E ad = 20 kcal/mol) were calculated. Moreover, the invertase was unstable as the MR capacity diminished and the agitation increased up to 500 rpm most likely due to the damaging effect of shearing forces (present inside the MR) on the invertase molecule. Finally, both the MWCO and the chemical nature of the UFM affected the invertase stability along the hydrolysis. The enzyme stability increased as the UFM cut-off decreased, the highest value being observed with the 10 kDa-UFM.

摘要：我们设计了并且综合 NaGdF 4 :Nd3+, Yb 3+, Tm 3+有联合双模式的 downconversion ( DC )和 upconversion ( UC )的磁性的 nanophosphors 在 800 nm 刺激之上的光致发光。六角形阶段的 NaGdF 4 :Nd3+, Yb 3+, Tm 有一般水准的 3+ nanocrystals (NC ) 21 nm 的尺寸用一条 solvothermal 途径被综合。 Nd 3+, Yb 3+, Tm 3+做三元组的 NaGdF 4 NC 展出盖住的大量光致发光山峰一近红外线第一/第二扇窗户( 860900 ， 1,000 ，和 1,060 nm )，并且可见排放包括蓝色( 475 nm )，绿色( 520 和 542 nm )和在在 800 nm 的刺激以后的黄( 587 nm )。在 Gd 上包含精力的循环的机制 是的 3+ sublattices 桥离子并且由起始的使活跃之物离子的最后的套住(Nd 3+) 被建议了。穿入深度研究显示 NIR 排放容易甚至在 10 公里的大织物厚度被检测。这些顺磁的 nanophosphors 在 20 kOe 和 1.2537 公里的纵的 relaxivity 价值表明 1.88 emu/g 的大磁化价值 1 ??(

摘要：AD (anaerobic digestion) is a beneficial and efficient technique for the treatment of agricultural wastes, food wastes and wastes water to produce renewable energy. Solid agricultural are potential renewable energy resoures. Biogas production by co-digestion of mixed Napier Pak Chong I and food waste at thermophilic temperature using anaerobic digestion in cow dung and chicken dung as the seed inoculums were investigated. The total reactor volume of the co-digester reactor was 7.94 m 3, which was equipped with pump, and it was operated continuously for the 20 days as a pilot scale at 50 ?C. The Napier Pak Chong I was cut into 2 mm sections, and the initial VS (volatile solids) was 30%. The initial VS of food waste were 70%. Two pilot-scale digesters filled with Napier Pak Chong I and food waste, which both digesters contained 476 kg of Napier Pak Chong I mixed 305 L of food waste, and 1,305 L of water. There were carried out to investigate the optimum C/N (carbon to nitrogen) ratio for effective biogas production. The slurry raw materials provided sufficient buffering capacity to maintain appropriate pH values (between 7.0 and 8.0). Digester I was designed for 1.98 m 3 of cow dung as the seed inoculum while digester II was designed to establish 1.98 m 3 of chicken dung as the seed inoculum. Gas detector performs analysis gas production. The experimental results indicate that total biogas production was 2.19 m 3 /day in digester I and 1.86 m 3 /day from digester II, resulting in specific methane yields of 1.26 m 3 CH 4 /kgVS and 1.07 m 3 CH 4 /kgVS added, respectively. Biogas production in digester I was directly correlated with temperature.

摘要：CD8+T细胞主要通过T细胞表面受体(T cell recep tor,TCR)识别并与Ⅰ型主要组织性复合物提呈的抗原(pMHC-Ⅰ)相互作用[1]。TCR对刺激型抗原的识别在CD8+T细胞毒性和适应性免疫中发挥着关键作用。许多证据表明机械力可以延长TCR与刺激性pMHC作用的键合时间(bond lifetime)形成抗原特异性逆锁键(catch bond)[2],并且这种逆锁键对抗原识别非常重要。然而,机械力调控TCR抗原识别的具体结构机制仍不清楚。通过分子动力学模拟、单分子生物膜力学探针、磁镊、T细胞活化实验和动物模型对此问题展开了系统的研究[4]。发现作用在TCR-pMHC-Ⅰ复合体上的拉力可以作用在TCR-pMHC-Ⅰ复合体上的拉力可以打破MHC-I分子内部α1-α2和β2结构域间的相互作用,导致α1-α2结构域旋转并发生构象变化。力诱导的MHC-I构象变化可以进一步别构地调节TCR与刺激性抗原肽及α1-α2结构域的构象及相互作用,诱导产生新的氢键,增强TCR-pMHC-Ⅰ之间的键合时间,但并不能增强TCR与抑制性pMHC-Ⅰ之间的作用。当用点突变阻断这些新形成的氢键,或者α1-α2和β2结构域被二硫键锁住时,最佳力诱导的TCR-pMHC-Ⅰ作用的键合时间明显缩短并且T细胞的活化受到抑制。另外,在人TCR和HLA-A2相互作用中发现了类似机制,并且与肿瘤相关的HLA-A2点突变[3]可以通过限制HLA-A2α1--α2和β2结构域之间的构象打开减弱TCR对肿瘤抗原的识别及T细胞的功能。研究结果表明,机械力诱导的MHC-I构象变化对TCR抗原识别和T细胞活化非常重要,进一步地阐明了机械力调控TCR抗原识别机制,为临床肿瘤的免疫治疗和药物设计提供了新思路和新靶点。