摘要：Cough is a defensive behavior that protects the respiratory system from infection and clears airway *** airflow dynamics have been analyzed by a variety of mathematical and experimental *** this paper,the cough airflow dynamics of 42 subjects were obtained and *** identification model based on piecewise Gauss function for cough airflow dynamics is proposed through the dimensionless method,which could achieve over 90%identification ***,an assisted cough system based on pneumatic flow servo system is *** vacuum situation and feedback control are used to increase the simulated peak cough flow rate,which are important for airway secretion clearance and to avoid airway collapse,*** simulated cough peak flow could reach 5 L/s without the external assistance such as manual pressing,patient cooperation and other ***,the backstepping control is developed to generate a simulated cough airflow that closely mimics the natural cough airflow of *** assisted cough system opens up wide opportunities of practical application in airway secretion clearance for critically ill patients with COVID 2019 and other pulmonary diseases.

摘要：Plasmonic nanostructures display unique and strongly enhanced optical properties, therefore hold great promise for a wide range of spectroscopic applications, particularly surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy （SERS）. It is well acknowledged that the major contributions to SERS arise from molecules positioned in nanojunctions where the op- tical field is intensively concentrated due to localized surface plasmon excitations. One of the key challenges in SERS therefore lies in the design and fabrication of plasmonic nanostructures with controllable nanojunctions. In recent years, by exploiting the unparalleled base-pairing self-recognition properties, DNA-mediated assembly has emerged as a powerful and programmable tool for the accurate construction of complex and hierarchical plasmonic nanostructures with well-defined geometry and topology. In this review, we will summarize recent advances on de- sign and fabrication of a rich variety of plasmonic nanostructures by virtue of DNA nanotechnology, and discuss their optical properties as well as applications in SERS.

摘要：Liquid metals(LM) such as eutectic gallium-indium and gallium-indium-tin are important functional liquid-state metal materials with many unique properties, which have attracted wide attentions especially from soft robot area. Recently the amoeba-like transformations of LM on the graphite surface are discovered, which present a promising future for the design and assemble of self-fueled actuators with dendritically deformable body. It appears that the surface tension of the LM can be significantly reduced when it contacts graphite surface in alkaline solution. Clearly, the specific surface should play a vital role in inducing these intriguing behaviors, which is valuable and inspiring in soft robot design. However, the information regarding varied materials functions underlying these behaviors remains unknown. To explore the generalized effects of surface materials in those intriguing behavior, several materials including glass, graphite, nickel and copper oxides(CuO) were comparatively investigated as substrate *** results were obtained that only LM amoeba transformations were observed on graphite and CuO surfaces. In order to identify the proper surface condition for LM transformation, the intrinsic properties of substrate surfaces, such as the surface charge and roughness, as well as the specific interaction with LM like wetting behavior and mutual locomotion etc., were characterized. The integrated results revealed that LM droplet appears more likely to deform on surfaces with higher positive surface charge density, higher roughness and less bubble generation on them. In addition, another surface material,CuOx, is identified to own similar ability to graphite, which is valuable in achieving amoeba-like transformation. Moreover, this study offers a fundamental understanding of the surface properties in realizing LM amoeba transformations, which would shed light on packing and structure design of liquid metal-based soft device within multi-material s

摘要：In this study,a human-chair model was developed as the basis for a wearable-chair design.A prototype chair,HUST-EC,based on the model was fabricated and *** the optimization under the golden divisional method,an optimized simulation of the operating mode with the lowest chair height was implemented.A novel multi-link support structure has been established with parameters optimized using Matlab *** stress analysis of the solid models was conducted to ensure the adequate support from the designed chair for the *** subjects participated in the evaluation experiment,who performed both static tasks and dynamic *** experimental results consisted of subjective evaluation and objective *** experimental data demonstrate that(1)the HUST-EC can effectively reduce the activation level of related muscles at a variety of tasks;(2)the plantar pressure was reduced by 54%–67%;(3)the angle between the upper body and the vertical axis was reduced by 59%–77%;(4)the subjective scores for chair comfortability,portability,and stability were all higher than *** results further revealed that the designed chair can reduce the musculoskeletal burden and may improve work efficiency.

摘要：Multicellular microtissues of primary human hepatocytes(PHHs)co-cultured with other supporting cell types are a promis-ing model for drug screening and toxicological ***,these liver microtissues(LMs)rapidly lose their functions during ex vivo ***,in order to mimic the cellular and structural hepatic microenvironment,we co-cultured PHHs with human mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)and human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)in the presence of cell-sized microparticles(MPs)derived from liver extracellular matrix(LEMPs).The microwell culture platform enabled biofabrication of size-controlled multicellular microtissues(PHH:HUVEC:MSC=3:2:1)with efficient LEMP incorporation(about 70%at a 2:1 ratio of cells:MP).The biofabricated liver microtissues(BLMs)were cultured ex vivo for 14 days and compared to the cell-only LM in terms of gene and protein expression,functional activity,cytochrome P450(CYP450)enzyme inducibility,and drug *** results supported superior hepatic-related gene expression,functional activity,and polarity for PHH in BLM compared to ***450 enzyme inducibility and dose-responsive sensitivity to toxic drugs were significantly higher in the BLM *** conclusion,microtissue engineering by incorporation of tissue-specific microparticles within a multicellular microtissue can offer some advantages for drug discovery studies and cell transplantation *** the near future,this approach could generate a scalable platform of several functional biofabricated microtissues representing different organs.

摘要：The high incidence of cardiovascular disease has led to significant demand for synthetic vascular grafts in clinical ***-proliferation drugs are usually loaded into devices to achieve desirable anti-thrombosis effects after ***,the non-selectiveness of these conventional drugs can lead to the failure of blood vessel reconstruction,leading to potential complications in the long *** address this issue,an asymmetric membrane was constructed through electro-spinning *** bilayer membrane loaded and effectively released nitric oxide(NO),as hoped,from only one *** to the short diffusion distance of NO,it exerted negligible effects on the other side of the membrane,thus allowing selective regulation of different cells on both *** released NO boosted the growth of endothelial cells(ECs)over smooth muscle cells(SMCs)-while on the side where NO was absent,SMCs grew into *** overall structure resembled a native blood vessel,with confluent ECs as the inner layer and layers of SMCs to support *** addition,the membrane preserved the normal function of ECs,and at the same time did not exacerbate inflammatory *** preparing this material type that regulates cell behavior differentially,we describe a new method for its application in the cardiovascular field such as for artificial blood vessels.

摘要：Tattooing the skin as a means of personal expression is a ritualized practice that has been around for centuries across many different ***,the symbolic meaning of tattoos has evolved over time and is highly individualized,from both the internal perspective of the wearer and the external perspective of an *** modern Western societies through the 1970 s,tattoos represented a cultural taboo,typically associated with those outside of the mainstream such as soldiers,incarcerated criminals,gang members,and others belonging to marginalized and counter-cultural *** paper aims to review the more recent epidemiology of tattoos in Western culture in order to establish that tattooing has become a mainstream *** then review psychological and psychiatric aspects of tattoos,with a goal of revising outmoded stigmas about tattooing and helping clinicians working with tattooed patients to facilitate an exploration of the personal meaning of skin art and *** suggest that as a kind of augmentation of the physical exam,looking at and talking to patients about their tattoos can provide a valuable window into the psyche,informing clinical practice.

摘要：AIM:To describe baseline data of the optimal type2 diabetes management including benchmarking and standard treatment(OPTIMISE)study in ***:"Benchmarking"is the process of receiving feedback comparing one’s performance with that of *** OPTIMISE(NCT00681850)study is a multinational,multicenter study assessing,at a primary care level,whether using"benchmarking"can help to improve the quality of patient care,compared with a set of guideline-based reference values("non-benchmarking").In the Greek region,797 outpatients(457men,mean age 63.8 years)with type 2 diabetes were enrolled by 84 office-based *** characteristics of this population are ***:Hypertension was the most prevalent concomitant disorder(77.3%)and coronary heart disease was the most frequent macrovascular complication of diabetes(23.8%).Most patients were overweight or obese(body mass index 29.6±5 kg/m2),exhibiting mostly abdominal obesity(waist circumference102.6±13.6 cm).Biguanides were the most prevalent prescribed drugs for the management of diabetes(70.1%of all prescriptions),whereas statins(93.5%of all prescriptions)and angiotensin receptor blockers(55.8%of all prescriptions)were the most prevalent prescribed drugs for hyperlipidemia and hypertension,*** 37.4%of patients were on *** treatment,pre-defined targets for fasting plasma glucose(<110 mg/dL),glycated hemoglobin(<7%),systolic blood pressure(<130 mmHg and<125mmHg for patients with proteinuria)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels(<100 mg/dL and<70mg/dL for patients with coronary heart disease)were reached in a relatively small proportion of patients(29%,53%,27%and 31%,respectively).In a Greek population with type 2 diabetes,the control of glycemia or concomitant disorders which increase cardiovascular risk remains ***:Despite relevant treatment,there is a poor control of diabetes,hypertension and hyperlipidemia in Greek outpatients with type 2 diabetes

摘要：1 Introduction Erectile dysfunction （ED） and coronary artery disease （CAD） are closely linked, as both conditions share the same cardiovascular risk factors. Indeed, these risk factors can determine endothelial dysfunction that represents the common underlying mechanism of both ED and CAD. The prevalence of ED is about three-fold higher among diabetic patients than in the general population and a higher prevalence of CAD has been observed in people with diabetes when compared to non-diabetic *** studies showed that ED can be a powerful marker of silent CAD and a strong predictor of cardiovascular events in apparently uncomplicated type 2 diabetic patients Therefore ED is now considered as a sentinel symptom of silent CAD, as ED often precedes the onset of myocardial ischemia itself by many years.

摘要：Resource-scarce regions with serious COVID-19 outbreaks do not have enough ventilators to support critically ill patients,and these shortages are especially devastating in developing *** help alleviate this strain,we have designed and tested the accessible low-barrier in vivo-validated economical ventilator(ALIVE Vent),a COVID-19-inspired,cost-effective,open-source,in vivo-validated solution made from commercially available *** ALIVE Vent operates using compressed oxygen and air to drive inspiration,while two solenoid valves ensure one-way flow and precise cycle *** device was functionally tested and profiled using a variable resistance and compliance artificial lung and validated in anesthetized large *** functional test results revealed its effective operation under a wide variety of ventilation conditions defined by the American Association of Respiratory Care guidelines for ventilator *** large animal test showed that our ventilator performed similarly if not better than a standard ventilator in maintaining optimal ventilation *** FiO2,respiratory rate,inspiratory to expiratory time ratio,positive-end expiratory pressure,and peak inspiratory pressure were successfully maintained within normal,clinically validated ranges,and the animals were recovered without any *** regions with limited access to ventilators,the ALIVE Vent can help alleviate shortages,and we have ensured that all used materials are publicly *** this pandemic has elucidated enormous global inequalities in healthcare,innovative,cost-effective solutions aimed at reducing socio-economic barriers,such as the ALIVE Vent,can help enable access to prompt healthcare and life saving technology on a global scale and beyond COVID-19.