摘要：β-Lapachone (β-Lap) is a promising orthonaphthoquinone drug for cancer treatment and has been inclinical trials. Its application is constrained by the low aqueoussolubility, and severe side effects. Even prodrug designation isan effective approach to render it with tumor selectivity, it islimited by the lack of modifiable groups on β-Lap. Herein, anovel azo bond primary cleavage and carbon–carbon (C–C)bond secondary cleavage-based polymeric β-Lap prodrug(Azo-Lap NP) is designed, in which the self-immolated paraaminobenzyl linker is connected to poly(L-glutamic acid)(PGlu) via azo linkage and the responsive drug release of β-Lapagainst tumors can be achieved under high NAD(P)H:quinoneoxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) expression and low pH environmentin tumors. The effective covalent loading of β-Lap by Azo-LapNPs permitted a high administration dose of β-Lap and enabled significant tumor retention time. Moreover, Azo-LapNPs markedly reduced the side effects of β-Lap by avoidinghemolysis and the production of methemoglobin. The safety ofAzo-Lap NPs administration is validated in the antitumorexperiment of mice. In the 4T1 model, Azo-Lap NPs exhibiteda markedly higher tumor suppression rate than β-Lap. Thiswork provides an effective and safe polymeric prodrug fortumor selective delivery of β-Lap.

摘要：癌症作为全球主要的致死原因之一,对公共卫生构成了巨大的挑战。癌症的防控策略不仅需要治疗技术的进步,也同样需要诊断技术的发展。肿瘤的发生和发展伴随着细胞结构和功能的多种变化,以及肿瘤微环境的显著改变。在这些变化过程中,特定分子的表达水平会出现异常,这些异常表达的分子可以作为肿瘤诊断的生物标志物。近年来,正电子发射断层扫描(Positron Emission Tomography,简称PET)作为一种重要的分子成像技术,已被广泛应用于检测肿瘤的结构和功能变化。PET技术的核心在于放射性示踪剂的开发与应用,这些示踪剂的设计和合成一般基于化学原理的深入理解和创新应用。本文旨在综述PET中几种典型的放射性示踪剂,并探讨核素标记过程中涉及的化学原理,增进对PET在肿瘤诊断中应用的理解,并提升对化学在生物医学领域中作用的认识。此外,PET放射性示踪剂的设计和合成过程是化学教育的宝贵资源,对化学在生命科学相关学科的教学具有重要意义。

摘要：Acidic oligosaccharide sugar chain （AOSC）, a D-mannuronic acid oligosaccharide, derived from brownalgaepolysaccharide, has been completed Phase I clinical trial in China as an anti-Alzheimer＇s Disease （AD） drug candidate. The identification of AOSC-binding protein（s） in neurons is very important for understanding its action mechanism. To determine the binding protein（s） of AOSC in neurons mediating its anti-AD activities, confocal microscopy, affinity chromatography, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） analysis were used. Confocal microscopy analysis shows that AOSC binds to SH-SY5Y cells in concentration-, time-, and temperature-dependent fashions. The AOSC binding proteins were purified by affinity chromatography and identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. The results showed that there are 349 proteins binding AOSC, including clathrin, adaptor protein-2 （AP-2） and amyloid precursor protein （APP）. These results suggest that the binding/entrance of AOSC to neurons is probably responsible for anti-AD activities.

摘要：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy,safety,satisfaction,discomfort and patient preference of moxa cones of artemisia vulgaris and charcoal ***:This comparative study of moxibustion treatment with Artemisia vulgaris and charcoal moxa cone stimulating Zhongwan(CV 12) is a cross-over single-blinded,randomized clinical trial.A total of 40 healthy subjects(24 males and 16females) participated in this *** subjects dropped out of the ***-eight subjects were treated with Artemisia vulgaris and charcoal moxa cones for 30 min in a cross-over *** treatment,the patients underwent a 30 minute waiting period,and then the temperatures at Tanzhong(CV 17),Zhongwan(CV 12) and Guanyuan(CV 4) were measured using digital infrared thermal ***:After the use of Artemisia vulgaris moxa,the patients' body temperatures were slightly lowered at Tanzhong(CV 17),Zhongwan(CV 12)and Guanyuan(CV 4),but the changes were not statistically *** the use of charcoal moxa,the patients' body temperatures were somewhat increased at Zhongwan(CV 12) and Guanyuan(CV 4),but the changes were not statistically *** Artemisia vulgaris moxa use,the body temperature difference between Zhongwan(CV 12) and Guanyuan(CV 4)was significantly *** charcoal moxa use,the body temperature difference between Tanzhong(CV 17) and Zhongwan(CV 12) was significantly decreased in males and in the whole *** change was caused by the difference in the moxibustion type and by gender ***:This pilot study found that moxibustion did not raise the body temperature,but temperature differences between acupoints were *** large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed for the effect of moxibustion on body temperature.

摘要：Nuclear safety is a global growing concern,where ionizing radiation(IR)is a major injury factor resulting in serious damage to *** detection of IR is usually conducted with physical dosimeters;however,biological IR detection methods are ***,a living composite hydrogel consisting of engineered bacteria and gelatin/sodium alginate was 3D-printed for the biological detection of *** strains of PrecA::egfp gene circuit-containing engineered Escherichia coli were constructed with IR-dependent fluorescence,and the DH5αstrain was finally selected due to its highest radiation response and *** bacteria were loaded in a series of gelatin/sodium alginate matrix hydrogels with different rheology,3D printability and bacterial applicability.A high-gelatin-content hydrogel containing 10%gelatin/1.25%sodium alginatewas *** optimal living composite hydrogelwas 3D-printedwith the special bioink,which reported significant green fluorescence underγ-ray *** living composite hydrogel provides a biological strategy for the detection of environmental ionizing radiation.

摘要：The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophago-gastric junction is constantly increasing. Curative treatment is no longer possible at the time of diagnosis in more than 50% of patients with esophageal carcinoma,and palliative treatment focusing on eliminating dysphagia is required. Endoscopic therapy with stent implantation is an established method of achieving this. It can be carried out quickly,with a low rate of early complications,and leads to fast symptomatic improvement,assessed using the dysphagia score. The relatively high rate of late complications such as stent migration,hemorrhage,and gastroesophageal mucosal prolapse has led to recent debate on the role of metal stents in palliative therapy. We present here a new type of stent design for transcardial application,which is intended to prevent bleeding due to mechanical mucosal lesions caused by the distal end of the stent extending into the stomach. The further intention of this case report is to force the discussion on individually designed nitinol stents in special anatomic conditions.

摘要：The GABAergic neurons in the parafacial zone（PZ） play an important role in sleep-wake regulation and have been identified as part of a sleep-promoting center in the brainstem, but the long-range connections mediating this function remain poorly characterized. Here, we performed whole-brain mapping of both the inputs and outputs of the GABAergic neurons in the PZ of the mouse brain. We used the modified rabies virus Env A-DG-Ds Red combined with a Cre/lox P gene-expression strategy to map the direct monosynaptic inputs to the GABAergic neurons in the PZ, and found that they receive inputs mainly from the hypothalamic area, zona incerta, and parasubthalamic nucleus in the hypothalamus; the substantia nigra, pars reticulata and deep mesencephalic nucleus in the midbrain;and the intermediate reticular nucleus and medial vestibular nucleus（parvocellular part） in the pons and *** also mapped the axonal projections of the PZ GABAergic neurons with adeno-associated virus, and defined the reciprocal connections of the PZ GABAergic neurons with their input and output nuclei. The newlyfound inputs and outputs of the PZ were also listed compared with the literature. This cell-type-specific neuronal whole-brain mapping of the PZ GABAergic neurons may reveal the circuits underlying various functions such as sleep-wake regulation.

摘要：Dear Editor,We read with great interest the article by Tan et ***“Accelerated fracture healing by osteogenic Ti45Nb implants through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway”[1].This research thoroughly examines the bone-forming capabilities of the Ti45Nb *** in vitro studies revealed that the Ti45Nb alloy enhances the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells more effectively than Ti6Al4V alloy controls,showing no noticeable cytotoxic effects.

摘要：A number of clinical trials have demonstrated that the laparoscopic approach for colorectal cancer resection provides the same oncologic results as open surgery along with all clinical benefits of minimally invasive surgery. During the last years, a great effort has been made to research for minimizing parietal trauma, yet for cosmetic reasons and in order to further reduce surgery-related pain and morbidity. New techniques, such as natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) and single-incision laparoscopy (SIL) have been developed in order to reach the goal of “scarless” surgery. Although NOTES may seem not fully suitable or safe for advanced procedures, such as colectomies, SIL is currently regarded as the next major advance in the progress of minimally invasive surgical approaches to colorectal disease that is more feasible in generalized use. The small incision through the umbilicus allows surgeons to use familiar standard laparoscopic instruments and thus, perform even complex procedures which require extraction of large surgical specimens or intestinal anastomosis. The cosmetic result from SIL is also better because the only incision is made through the umbilicus which can hide the wound effectively after operation. However, SIL raises a number of specific new challenges compared with the laparoscopic conventional approach. A reduced capacity for triangulation, the repeated conflicts between the shafts of the instruments and the difficulties to achieve a correct exposure of the operative field are the most claimed issues. The use therefore of this new approach for complex colorectal procedures might understandingly be viewed as difficult to implement, especially for oncologic cases.

摘要：The human gut microbiota is widely considered to be a metabolic organ hidden within our bodies,playing a crucial role in the host’s *** factors affect its composition,so a wide variety of microbes residing in the gut are present in the world *** excessive imbalances in microbial composition are often associated with human disorders and pathologies,and new investigative strategies to gain insight into these pathologies and define pharmaceutical therapies for their treatment are *** vitro models of the human gut microbiota are commonly used to study microbial fermentation patterns,community composition,and host-microbe *** and microfluidic devices have been designed to culture microorganisms from the human gut microbiota in a dynamic environment in the presence or absence of eukaryotic cells to interact *** this review,we will describe the overall elements required to create a functioning,reproducible,and accurate in vitro culture of the human gut *** addition,we will analyze some of the devices currently used to study fermentation processes and relationships between the human gut microbiota and host eukaryotic cells.