摘要：Enterocutaneous fistulas(ECFs) are great challenges during the open abdomen. The loss of digestive juice, water-electrolyte imbalance and malnutrition are intractable issues during management of ECF. Techniques such as "fistula patch" and vacuumassisted closure therapy have been applied to prevent contamination of open abdominal wounds by intestinal fistula drainage. However, failures are encountered due to high-output fistula and anatomical complexity. Here, we report 3 D-printed patient-personalized fistula stent for ECF treatment based on 3 D reconstruction of the fistula image. Subsequent follow-up demonstrated that this stent was well-implanted and effective to reduce the volume of enteric fistula effluent.

摘要：Synthetic polymer hydrogel nanoparticles(NPs)were developed to function as abiotic affinity reagents for *** NPs were made using both temperature-sensitive N-isopropyl acrylamide(NIPAm)and L-amino acid *** kinds of L-amino acids were acryloylated to obtain functional monomers:L-phenylalanine(Phe)and L-leucine(Leu)with hydrophobic side chains,L-glutamic acid(Glu)with negative charges,and L-lysine(Lys)and L-arginine(Arg)with positive *** incubating the NPs with fibrinogen,g-globulin,and human serum albumin(HSA)respectively,the NPs that incorporated Nacryloyl-Arg monomers(AArg@NPs)showed the strongest and most specific binding affinity to fibrinogen,when compared with g-globulin and ***,the fibrinogen-AArg binding model had the best docking scores,and this may be due to the interaction of positively charged AArg@NPs and the negatively charged fibrinogen D domain and the hydrophobic interaction between *** specific adsorption of AArg@NPs to fibrinogen was also confirmed by the immunoprecipitation assay,as the AArg@NPs selectively trapped the fibrinogen from a human plasma protein ***@NPs had a strong selectivity for,and specificity to,fibrinogen and may be developed as a potential human fibrinogen-specific affinity reagent.

摘要：We report herein the design and synthesis of a series of novel nitrobenzamide derivatives. Results reveal that many of them display considerable in vitro antitubercular activity. Four N-benzyl or N- (pyridine-2-yl)methyl 3,5-dinitrobenzamides A6, All, Cl and C4 have not only the same excellent MIC values of 1500), opening a new direction for further development.

摘要：DNA methylation has been identified as a powerful and activity-dependent regulator of changes in the brain that may underlie neuroadaptations in response to various types of stimuli,including exposure to drugs of ***,the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)projections to the nucleus accumbens(NAc)are critically important for reinstated cocaine-seeking in a rodent model of cocaine *** circuitry undergoes several epigenetic modifications following cocaine exposure,including changes in DNA methylation that are associated with drug-seeking *** have previously shown that methyl supplementation via L-Methionine(MET)administration attenuates cocaine-seeking behavior and reverses expression and methylation patterns of the immediate early gene c-fos,suggesting that MET may act by altering the excitability of this circuitry during cocaine *** the current study,male rats were microinjected with an adeno-associated virus overexpressing halorhodopsin in the mPFC,optical fibers were surgically implanted into the NAc,and the rats were given injections of MET *** underwent acquisition of cocaine self-administration(0.75 mg/kg/infusion,2-h sessions)followed by extinction training in the absence of drug-paired *** reinstatement tests were conducted:cue-induced reinstatement without optogenetic manipulations and cocaine-primed reinstatement with optogenetic inhibition of mPFC-to-NAc *** were no group differences before the cocaine-primed reinstatement session,and all groups showed robust cue-induced *** rats treated with MET and rats that received mPFC-to-NAc inhibition showed an abolishment of cocaine-primed reinstatement,suggesting that systemic methyl supplementation may act through this critical circuity.

摘要：Increasing evidence indicates that engineered nerve grafts have great potential for the regeneration of peripheral nerve injuries(PNIs).While most studies have focused only on the topographical features of the grafts,we have considered both the biophysical and biochemical manipulations in our applied *** achieve this,we fabricated an electrospun nanofibrous scaffold(ENS)containing polylactide nanofibers loaded with lithium(Li)ions,a Wnt/β-catenin signaling *** addition,we seeded human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(hADMSCs)onto this engineered scaffold to examine if their differentiation toward Schwann-like cells was *** further examined the efficacy of the scaffolds for nerve regeneration in vivo via grafting in a PNI rat *** results showed that Li-loaded ENSs gradually released Li within 11 d,at concentrations ranging from 0.02 to(3.64±0.10)mmol/L,and upregulated the expression of Wnt/β-catenin target genes(cyclinD1 and c-Myc)as well as those of Schwann cell markers(growth-associated protein 43(GAP43),S100 calcium binding protein B(S100B),glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),and SRY-box transcription factor 10(SOX10))in differentiated *** the PNI rat model,implantation of Li-loaded ENSs with/without cells improved behavioral features such as sensory and motor functions as well as the electrophysiological characteristics of the injured *** improved function was further validated by histological analysis of sciatic nerves grafted with Li-loaded ENSs,which showed no fibrous connective tissue but enhanced organized myelinated *** potential of Li-loaded ENSs in promoting Schwann cell differentiation of hADMSCs and axonal regeneration of injured sciatic nerves suggests their potential for application in peripheral nerve tissue engineering.

摘要：Scaffolds play a crucial role in tissue engineering. Biodegradable polymers with great processing flexibility are the predominant scaffolding materials. Synthetic biodegradable polymers with well-defined structure and without immunological concerns associated with naturally derived polymers are widely used in tissue engineering. The synthetic biodegradable polymers that are widely used in tissue engineering, including polyesters, polyanhydrides, polyphosphazenes, polyurethane, and poly(glycerol sebacate) are summarized in this article. New developments in conducting polymers, photoresponsive polymers, amino-acid-based polymers, enzymatically degradable polymers, and peptide-activated polymers are also discussed. In addition to chemical functionalization, the scaffold designs that mimic the nano and micro features of the extracellular matrix(ECM) are presented as well, and composite and nanocomposite scaffolds are also reviewed.

摘要：The intestinal tract is inhabited by a tremendous number of microorganisms,termed the gut *** microorganisms live in a mutualistic relationship with their host and assist in the degradation of complex *** the gut microbiota is generally considered beneficial,the vast number of microbial cells also form a permanent threat to the ***,the intestinal epithelium is covered with a dense layer of mucus to prevent translocation of the gut microbiota into underlying *** mucus is an organized glycoprotein network with a host-specific glycan *** the mucus layer has long been considered a passive,host-designed barrier,recent studies showed that maturation and function of the mucus layer are strongly influenced by the gut *** return,the glycan repertoire of mucins can select for distinct mucosa-associated bacteria that are able to bind or degrade specific mucin glycans as a nutrient *** the intestinal mucus layer is at the crucial interface between host and microbes,its breakdown leads to gut bacterial encroachment that can eventually cause inflammation and ***,a dysfunctional mucus layer has been observed in colitis in mice and ***,the increased consumption of a low-fiber Western-style diet in our modern society has recently been demonstrated to cause bacteria-mediated defects of the intestinal mucus ***,I will review current knowledge on the interaction between gut bacteria and the intestinal mucus layer in health and *** the molecular details of this host–microbe interaction may contribute to the development of novel treatment options for diseases involving a dysfunctional mucus layer,such as ulcerative colitis.

摘要：Due to their special anatomical and physiological features,central nervous system diseases still presented challenges,despite the fact that some advances have been made in early diagnosis and precision *** of the complexities in treating tumors is the tumor microenvironment,which includes mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)that exhibit tumor tropism and can be used for cell ***,whether MSCs promote or suppress gliomas is still unclear,especially in glioma *** this study,a coaxial microfiber was designed to mimic the tumor microenvironment and to reveal the effect of MSCs on glioma *** fiber shell was composed of MSCs and alginate,and the core was filled with U87 MG(glioblastoma)cells and gelatin *** Shell-MSC/Core-U87 MG microenvironment improved the proliferation,survival,invasion,metastasis,and drug resistance of glioma cells,while simultaneously maintaining the stemness of glioma *** summary,coaxial extrusion bioprinted Shell-MSC/Core-U87 MG microfiber is an ideal platform for tumor and stromal cell coculture to observe tumor biological behavior in vitro.

摘要：This paper combines the theory of teams and data envelopment analysis（DEA） to design a mechanism to optimally allocate resources in public healthcare. A statutory authority and the public hospitals under its governance are interpreted as a team, the members of which seek to operate efficiently under the shared institutional constraint that public healthcare is a public good. The individual public hospital exploits DEA to maximize own-payoff, subject to the team-condition that the payoff of each other public hospital does not fall and thereby subtract from the external effects created by the public supply of healthcare. The resulting team-DEA solution, which is shown to be both an individuallyefficient and team-satisficing equilibrium and to be computable in terms of a convergent algorithm, can then be applied by the authority to determine the optimal allocation of resources in public healthcare.A case based on Chinese data is presented to illustrate the team-DEA model＇s ready operationalization and computation.

摘要：Every year more than 5 million people worldwide become hemiplegic as a direct consequence of stroke. This neurological deficiency, often leads to a partial or a total loss of standing up abilities and/or ambulation skills. In order to propose new supporting solutions lying between the wheelchair and the walker, this paper presents a technological strategy for designing an assistive device for a biomechanical study of the Sit-To-Stand movement （STS）. The control algorithms are implemented in TwinCAT runtime environment. The communi- cation between the component and the control computer is ensured via the EtherCAT fieldbus. The aim of this architecture lies in the fact that it allows a quick development of a research prototype with the same safety issues found on an industrial machine. An experimental test of the STS strategy is presented and discussed in order to evaluate the strategy.