摘要：目的:建立和优化检测ABCG2 34G>A多态性的等位基因特异性PCR方法(allele-specific PCR,AS-PCR),并对100例健康受试者进行分型检测。方法:设计合成3'-末端错配引物和包含内部错配位点的3'-末端错配引物,进行AS-PCR扩增,比较两者的扩增特异性,应用AS-PCR检测100例健康受试者ABCG2 34位多态型,采用焦磷酸测序方法(pyrosequencing)进行抽样验证。结果:含有第3位内部错配位点的3'-末端错配引物扩增特异性明显优于含有第2位内部错配位点以及不含内部错配位点的3'-末端错配引物。100例样本AS-PCR分型结果与同批标本前期的焦磷酸测序结果一致。ABCG2 34AA,34GA和34GG型频率分别为7%、32%、61%。结论:本文所建立的AS-PCR方法在进行ABCG2 34位多态分型时,具有省时、快速和成本低等优点,经过在引物中引入内部错配位点等优化设计后,分型结果准确可靠,适合临床应用。

摘要：Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antenatal umbilical cord coiling index obtained during the fetal anatomic survey in the second trimester as a predictor of adverse pregnancy outcome. Study design: Four hundred twenty-five consecutive women who had a fetal anatomic survey between 18 to 23 weeks of gestation were evaluated for umbilical cord coiling. The antenatal umbilical cord coiling index was calculated as a reciprocal value of the distance between a pair of coils (antenatal umbilical cord coiling index = 1/distance in cm) and was correlated with the following adverse pregnancy outcomes: (1) small for gestational age, (2) mode of delivery, (3) presence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid, (4) presence of nonreassuring fetal status in labor, and (5) Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes. Results: A total of 294 patients had adequate ultrasound images and all antenatal and labor data to meet the study inclusion criteria. Abnormal coiling was associated significantly with small for gestational age neonates at birth (P = .043) and nonreassuring fetal status in labor (P = .007). Nine of 58 neonates (15.5% ) with abnormal umbilical coiling were small for gestational age infants compared with 15 of 236 small for gestational age neonates (6.4% ) who had normal cord coiling. A nonreassuring fetal status in labor was observed in 25.7% of fetuses (15/58 fetuses) with abnormal umbilical coiling compared with 11.0% of fetuses (26/236 fetuses) with normal cord coiling. In contrast, no statistical difference for Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes or higher prevalence of interventional deliveries and meconium-stained amniotic fluid in labor between the groups with normal and abnormal umbilical cord coiling was observed. Conclusion: Abnormal umbilical cord coiling that is detected at the fetal ultrasound anatomic survey in the second trimester is associated with a higher prevalence of small for gestational age neonates and nonreassuring fetal status in labor. This ob

摘要：地点:市中心人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)门诊部目标:在存在潜伏性结核感染(LTBI)危险因素的HIV感染人群中评估结核菌素皮肤试验(TST)和QuantiFERON-TB GOLD(QFT-G)试验。实验设计:对已知的LTBI危险因素与早期分泌性靶抗原6(ESAT-6)和培养分泌蛋白10 (CFP-10)刺激的全血γ-干扰素释放试验及TST试验进行统计学横断面分析。结果:纳入的207例病例中,4例由于信息丢失或者3次标本检测结果不一致而被排除。10例由于对促细胞分裂素反应不良结果不能确定。所有的不确定结果发生在CD4细胞数目低于200个/ mm^3的患者。11例QFT-G和13例TST结果阳性。QFT-G和TST结果之间的一致性较低(κ0.38)。QFT-G结果同TST相比与LTBI危险因素相关的可能性更大。结论:QFT-G试验而非TST表现出在LTBI危险因素数目与阳性结果之间具有显著性差异(OR1.6)。QFT-G试验在HIV感染人群中可能较TST试验更有价值。

摘要：早期肺癌患者的治疗是以治愈为目标的。针对手术可切除性和可操作性的多学科讨论模式决定了最终的局部治疗方式(手术或放疗)和相关的系统性治疗方案,从而进一步提高患者治愈的可能性。研究证据支持以顺铂为基础的辅助化疗用于切除术后,或与放疗同步使用。共识指南支持以新辅助化疗代替辅助化疗,并支持对不符合顺铂治疗条件的患者采用基于卡铂的治疗方案。由于研究设计效率低下,需要长时间随访来评估生存终点以及对晚期疾病的持续关注,将新药物(现在是IV期肺癌患者的标准药物)纳入以治愈为目标的治疗范式的工作一直滞后。目前正在研究中的替代性终点(例如病理缓解)将可能缩短研究的时间。2018年,抗程序性死亡配体(programmed cell death ligand 1,PD-L1)抗体度伐利尤单抗获批用于治疗同步放、化疗后的Ⅲ期肺癌患者,自那时起,针对早期肺癌患者的靶向治疗和免疫治疗的研究迅速发展。在本篇综述中,我们介绍了对于目前早期肺癌患者治疗方案的考虑因素,探讨并展望非转移性肺癌系统性治疗的临床研究现状和未来。