摘要：Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,has spread globally and threatens public *** in vitro models that recapitulate the architecture and functioning of specific tissues and organs are in high demand for COVID-19-related pathology studies and drug *** three-dimensional in vitro cultures,such as self-assembled and engineered organoid cultures,surpass conventional two-dimensional cultures and animal models with respect to increased cellular complexity,an environment more relevant to humans,and reduced cost,they are promising platforms for understanding viral pathogenesis and developing new *** review highlights the recent advances in self-assembled and engineered organoid technologies that are used for COVID-19 *** challenges and future perspectives are also discussed.

摘要：磷作为一切生物体的必需元素,参与了包括生命体能量代谢、结构调控、遗传信息传递等在内的必要过程,其重要性不言而喻。然而,在国内基础学科教学过程中,基于酶促反应的调控机制和反应机理被拆分到众多生化专业相关的课程中,并未能得到系统性的剖析与讲解。本文从基础磷酸酯和磷酸酐的化学结构及反应特性入手,分别讨论了生物体中磷酸酯相关的调控酶类,并对最重要的一类磷酸酐——三磷酸腺苷在生物体内的转化关系做了系统性的讲解及分析。作为对磷元素相关的生命化学过程的梳理归纳,希望对化学及生命科学的教学与科研实验设计有所助益。

摘要：水痘带状疱疹病毒(VZV)初次感染可引发水痘并可长期潜伏在宿主神经节内,一旦再激活即可引起带状疱疹.VZV病毒具有疱疹病毒典型结构,从内向外依次是DNA核心、衣壳、皮层和囊膜.VZV皮层是核衣壳与囊膜之间一层无固定形状的蛋白层.VZV皮层由多种蛋白组成,但种类和功能仍未全部确定.本文综述了目前已发现的VZV皮层蛋白在病毒感染过程中发挥的多种作用,讨论了VZV皮层蛋白相关的蛋白-蛋白相互作用及其对病毒在SCID-hu人鼠嵌合感染模型中组织趋向性的影响,这将有助于更好地理解VZV皮层蛋白是如何帮助病毒DNA复制、逃避宿主免疫反应和致病.

摘要：Human life intimately depends on plants for food,biomaterials,health,energy,and a sustainable *** plants have been genetically improved mostly through breeding,along with limited modification via genetic engineering,yet they are still not able to meet the ever-increasing needs,in terms of both quantity and quality,resulting from the rapid increase in world population and expected standards of living.A step change that may address these challenges would be to expand the potential of plants using biosystems design *** represents a shift in plant science research from relatively simple trial-and-error approaches to innovative strategies based on predictive models of biological *** biosystems design seeks to accelerate plant genetic improvement using genome editing and genetic circuit engineering or create novel plant systems through de novo synthesis of plant *** this perspective,we present a comprehensive roadmap of plant biosystems design covering theories,principles,and technical methods,along with potential applications in basic and applied plant biology *** highlight current challenges,future opportunities,and research priorities,along with a framework for international collaboration,towards rapid advancement of this emerging interdisciplinary area of ***,we discuss the importance of social responsibility in utilizing plant biosystems design and suggest strategies for improving public perception,trust,and acceptance.