摘要：Background Chronic kidney disease （CKD） is a common disorder associated with multiple adverse clinical consequences,especially cardiovascular risk and end-stage renal disease.A recent national survey demonstrated that CKD has become a leading health problem in *** is an urgent need to implement an in-depth investigation of the CKD burden and also to explore underlying mechanisms of CKD progression and it association with adverse *** The Chinese Cohort Study of Chronic Kidney Disease （C-STRIDE） is the first national CKD cohort in *** will enroll approximately 3 000 pre-dialysis CKD patients aged between 18 and 74 years and follow-up for at least 5 ***,anthropometric measures,laboratory tests,and biomaterials will be collected at baseline and *** principal clinical outcomes of the C-STRIDE consist of renal disease events,cardiovascular events,and *** on the longitudinal clinical data and biomaterials,the risk factors with CKD progression and other outcomes will be analyzed,and candidate markers and predicted models will be *** The C-STRIDE would provide important evidence for underlying mechanisms of CKD progression,valuable information for clinical guidelines,and healthcare policies in China.

摘要：阳极尿素氧化反应(UOR)不仅可以取代析氧反应(OER)降低能耗,还可与析氢反应(HER)协同作用,同时产生氢燃料并净化富含尿素废水.然而,如何高效实现全电解尿素仍然面临挑战.本文首先将铑单原子催化剂(SAC)锚定到镍钒层状双氢氧化物(LDH)表面,以获得多功能电催化剂即Rh/NiV-LDH.该催化剂可以实现低能耗全电解尿素产氢目标.Rh/NiV-LDH在100 mV过电位下具有较高HER质量活性(0.262 A mg^(-1))和转化频率(TOF:2.125 s^(-1))此外,Rh/NiV-LDH表现出优异的UOR催化活性,仅需要1.33 V电压即可达到10 mA cm^(-2)的电流密度,表明UOR具备克服缓慢OER动力学缓慢的潜力.实验数据和理论计算证明,Rh/NiV-LDH出色的催化活性归因于NiV-LDH载体和单原子Rh位点的协同作用.将自支撑Rh/NiV-LDH分别作为尿素全电解池的阴极和阳极(1.0 mol L^(-1)KOH+0.33 mol L^(-1)尿素作为电解液),只需要1.47 V的低电压就可以提供100 mA cm^(-2)的电流密度且具有良好稳定性.这项工作从单原子精确调控的角度对全电解多功能SAC的设计具有重要指导意义.

摘要：Objective: To screen a triple helix-forming oligodeoxyribonucleotide (TFO) that can bind HBV core promoter at target site with high affinity and specificity, and to observe the ability of manganese porphyrin modified TFO to combine and cleave HBV ***: Similar homopurine domain (1 734-1 754) in HBV core promoter was selected as target *** corresponding TFOs were *** affinities and specificities of TFOs binding target sequence were tested with electrophoretic mobility shift and DNase Ⅰ footprinting *** selected best TFO was modified with manganese porphyrin and *** ability of the TFO derivative to cleave HBV DNA was observed with cleavage ***: Under the condition of 37℃ and pH 7.4, the TFO consisting of cytidylate and thymidylate (CT-TFO) and the parallel TFO consisting of guanylate and thymidylate (GT-TFOp) bound the target sequence weakly with Kd values much more than 10-6 mol/*** affinities of anti-parallel GT-TFO (GT-TFOap) and short TFO consisting of adenine nucleotide and guanylate (AG-TFOsh) binding the target sequence were higher than those of the formers, with Kd values of 5×10-7 mol/L and 2.5×10-8 mol/L *** AG-TFO (AG-TFOl) had the highest binding affinity with a Kd value of 3×10-9 mol/L among all the TFOs studied for sequence *** the presence of potassium monopersulfate, KHSO5, TFO modified with manganese porphyrin and acridine cleaved the target sequence where the triplex DNA ***: TFO containing AG or GT binds homopurine in HBV core promoter in adverse parallel direction to form triple ***-TFOl has the highest binding affinity among all the TFOs *** modified with manganese porphyrin, AG-TFOl completely binds and cleaves the target HBV DNA sequence where triplex DNA is formed.

摘要：Objective: To describe employment achievement and social independence of adul ts with childhood end- stage renal disease (ESRD) and to explore determining fa ctors. Study design: Employment, occupational level, living arrangements, social engagements, and subjective health perception were cross- sectionally establis hed between 1998 and 2000 in 144 of all living 187 adult Dutch patients with ESR D with an onset at age 0 to 15 years between 1972 and 1992. Potential clinical d eterminants were established by means of a review of all medical charts. Results : Compared with age- matched Dutch citizens, patients were more often involunta rily unemployed (19.4% vs 11.1% ), had a lower occupational level, more often still lived with their parents, and more often had no partner. A low occupation al levelwas associated with a dialysis duration >8 years (OR, 9.6; 95% CI, 1.9 - 47.6); living at the parental home was associated with the male sex (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.5- 7.8) and with a dialysis duration >8 years (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.3 - 10.2). Conclusion: Prolonged dialysis during childhood may decrease the abili ty to gain high- skilled professions and social independence. Unemployment is t wice as high in adult patients with childhood ESRD than in healthy persons, but more than twice as low as compared with young ESRD patients with an adult onset of the disease, according to previous reports.

摘要：目的探讨在绝经早期妇女中使用激素补充治疗（HRT）对心血管结局的长期影响。研究设计开放标签，随机对照研究研究地点与开始时间丹麦，1990--1993。试验对象1006名健康妇女，年龄45～58岁，绝经早期或有围绝经期症状并且记录绝经后血清卯泡刺激素（FSH）值。经随机分配，其中502例为接受激素补充治疗组，504例为不接受治疗的对照组。曾行子宫切除术的年龄45～52岁且记录绝经期后血清FSH值的妇女也纳入研究。

摘要：Objective: To assess the evolution of individual renal function during the mat uration process in terms of single kidney glomerular filtration rate (SKGFR) and split function in children with unilateral complex renal duplication. Study des ign: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 44 children with unilateral comp lex duplex kidney. All affected kidneys had a poor or nonfunctioning dysplastic moiety, 28 in the upper pole and 16 in the lower pole. At least 2 radioisotopic examinations, including a 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (99mTc-MAG3) renogram and a plasma clearance of 51Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Cr-51 EDTA), were performed in all children, the first one performed at a median age of 3 mon ths (range 2 to 15 months) and the last one at 24 months (range 12 to 120 months ). They allowed a precise estimation of split renal function, overall glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and SKGFR. Results: Mean overall kidney GFR increased si gnificantly between the two measurements from 63 ±12.7 mL/minute/1.73m2 to 95 ±21 mL/minute/1.73m 2 (P < .0001). SKGFR of the duplex side similarly increased from 26 ±7.7 mL/minute/1.73m2 to 38 ±12.6 mL/minute/1.73m2 (P < .0001). In te rms of split function, the affected kidney had a remarkable stable function betw een the two measurements, 40%±8.6 and 39%±8.3 (P = .94), respectively. Howev er, cases with the lowest initial split function ( < 30%) had the lowest initia l SKGFR and the worst further evolution. Conclusion: In children with unilateral complex renal duplication, we found on the affected side a significant increase of SKGFR because of renal maturation, whereas mean split function remained stab le during follow-up.

摘要：目的寻找筛查慢性肾脏病的有效策略,并描述慢性肾脏病的自然病程。设计横断面健康调查(HUNT Ⅱ研究)后的8年随访。地点挪威 Nord-TrΦndelag 县。对象 65604人(该国家≥20岁的成年人占70.6%)。主要研究终点指标终末期肾病(ESRD)发生率和心血管事件死亡率,二者通过联接到中心登记处的个人信息进行监测。结果人群中3069/65 604(4.7%)有慢性肾脏病(CKD)(估算肾小球滤过率55岁的人群,其中93.2%(92.4%～94.0%)有 CKD,发现1例 CKD则需要筛查8.7(8.5～9.0)人。美国 KDOQI 指南得出相似的筛查结果,英国慢性肾脏病指南的筛查结果仅为51.6%(49.6%～53.4%)。而只筛查既往有明确糖尿病史或高血压病史的人群的结果为44.2%(42.7%～45.7%),每发现1例CKD 需要筛查6人。在8年的随访中,3069例CKD 患者仅有38例进展为终末期肾病;而且,无高血压和糖尿病,女性,年龄≥70岁或筛查时肾小球滤过率(GFR)为45～59ml/min/1.73m^2者,他们发生 ESRD 的危险性尤其低。相比而言,心血管事件死亡率则很高,筛查时 GFR 为45～59,30～44和55岁的人群进行筛查是发现 CKD 患者最有效的策略,但是在这些患者中发生 ESRD 的危险性较低。