摘要：The design scheme of a sandwich-structure betavoltaic microbattery based on silicon using63Ni is presented in this *** structure differs from a monolayer energy conversion *** optimization of various physical parameters and the effects of temperature on the microbattery were studied through *** the proposed optimization design,P-type silicon was used as the substrate for the betavoltaic *** on the proposed theory,a sandwich microbattery with a shallow junction was *** temperature dependence of the device was also *** open-circuit voltaic(Voc)temperature dependence of the optimized sandwich betavoltaic microbattery was ***,the Voc of the betavoltaic microbattery with a high-resistance substrate exponentially decreased over the range of room temperature in the experiment and *** addition,the sandwich betavoltaic microbattery offered higher power than the monolayer betavoltaic *** results of this paper provide a significant technical reference for optimizing the design and studying temperature effects on betavoltaics of the same type.

摘要：This report presents a design system based on the use of CsI(TI) detectors to search for lost radioactive sources that are dangerous and harmful to individuals, including searching persons. For this purpose, the GEANT4 simulation toolkit was utilized to develop a system based on three detectors. Various simulated analyses were performed on the dose rates of the three detectors using different source–detector distances and detector separation. There were good agreement between the simulated results and the experimentally measured data. A new method was discussed to detect and search for radioactive sources based only on the dose rates in detectors with source activity. Numerical analyses were performed based on the measured dose rates and the difference of distances to determine the actual location of the lost single or multiple γ-ray sources at a specific angle. The detection limit was calculated from the background radiation to establish the sensitivity and capability of the proposed detector system. This system can be applied in fields in which it is necessary to locate unknown radioactive sources.

摘要：The ability to fine-tune band gap and band inversion in topological materials is highly desirable for the development of novel functional devices. Here we propose that the electronic properties of free-standing nanomernbranes of the topological crystalline insulators （TCI） SnTe and Pb1-xSnx（Se,Te） are highly tunable by engineering elastic strain and membrane thickness, resulting in tunable band gap and giant piezoconductivity. Membrane thickness governs the hybridization of topological electronic states on opposite surfaces, while elastic strain can further modulate the hybridization strength by controlling the penetration length of surface states. We propose a frequency-resolved infrared photodetector using force-concentration induced inhomogeneous elastic strain in TCI nanomembranes with spatially varying width. The predicted tunable band gap accompanied by strong spin-textured electronic states will open new avenues for fabricating piezoresistive devices, infrared detectors and energy-efficient electronic and spintronic devices based on TCI nanomembrane.

摘要：Three-dimensional graphene/conducting polymer（3DGCP） composites have received significant attention in recent years due to their unique structures and promising applications in energy *** the structural diversity of graphene and π-functional conducting polymers via rich chemical routes,a number of 3DGCP composites with novel structures and attractive performance have been ***,the hierarchical porosity,the interactions between graphene and conducting polymers as well as the their synergetic effects within 3DGCP composites can be well combined and elaborated by various synthetic methods,which made 3DGCP composites show unique electrochemical properties and significantly improved performance in energy storage fields compared to other graphenebased *** this short review,we present recent advances in 3DGCP composites in developing effective strategies to prepare 3DGCP composites and exploring them as a unique platform for supercapacitors with unprecedented *** challenges and future opportunities are also discussed for promotion of further study.

摘要：Cyanobacteria can produce useful renewable fuels and high-value chemicals using sunlight and atmo- spheric carbon dioxide by photosynthesis. Genetic manip- ulation has increased the variety of chemicals that cyanobacteria can produce. However, their uniquely abundant NADPH-pool, in other words insufficient supply of NADH, tends to limit their production yields in case of utilizing NADH-dependent enzyme, which is quite common in heterotrophic microbes. To overcome this cofactor imbalance and enhance cyanobacterial fuel and chemical production, various approaches for cofactor engineering have been employed. In this review, we focus on three approaches： （1） utilization of NADPH- dependent enzymes, （2） increasing NADH production, and （3） changing cofactor specificity of NADH-dependent enzymes from NADH to NADPH.

摘要：Based on the first ionization chamber （IC） prototype, the structure, working gas component and electrode material of the IC are improved. The test of the improved IC shows that the plateau length is about 2000 V, the plateau slope is less than 0.2%/100 V, the sensitivity is 19.6 pA/rad·h 1, the up-limitation of the linearity can be up to 3.6×105 rad/h, and the applied voltage can be operated to 3500 V. The test results show that the performance of the improved IC meets the requirements of the beam loss monitor.

摘要：Design and construction of the first prototype ionization chamber for CSNS and Proton Accelerator （PA） beam loss monitor （BLM） system is reported. The low leakage current （〈0.1 pA）, good plateau （≈800 V） and linearity range up to 200 Roentgen/h are obtained in the first prototype. All of these give us good experience for further improving the ionization chamber construction.

摘要：Betavoltaic radioisotope microbatteries have gradually become the research direction of micro-power sources because of their several advantages,including small scale,stable output performance,long service life,high energy density,strong anti-jamming capability,and so *** on the theory of semiconductor physics,the current paper presented a design scheme of isotope microbattery with wide-gap semiconductor material GaN and isotope *** consideration of the isotope's self-absorption effect,the current paper studied and analyzed the optimization thickness of semiconductor and isotope source,junction depth,depletion region thickness,doping concentration,and the generation and collection of electron hole pairs with simulation of transport process of beta particles in semiconductor material using Monte Carlo simulation program *** the proposed design scheme,for a single decay,an average energy of 28.2 keV was deposited in the GaN,and the short circuit current density,open circuit voltage,and efficiency of a single device were 1.636 μA/cm2,3.16 V,and 13.4%,respectively.

摘要：One of the most important aims of this study is to improve the core of the current VVER reactors to achieve more burn-up(or more cycle length)and more intrinsic *** is an independent study on the Russian new proposed FAs,called TVS-2M,which would be applied for the future advanced *** important aspects of neutronics as well as thermal hydraulics investigations(and analysis)of the new type of Fas are conducted,and results are compared with the standards PWR *** TVS-2M FA contains gadolinium-oxide which is mixed with UO_(2)(for different Gd densities and U-235 enrichments which are given herein),but the core does not contain *** new type TVS-2M Fas are modeled by the SARCS software package to find the PMAXS format for three states of CZP and HZP as well as HFP,and then the whole core is simulated by the PARCS code to investigate transient *** addition,the WIMS-D5 code is suggested for steady core modeling including TVS-2M FAs and/or TVS *** neutronics aspects such as the first cycle length(first cycle burn up in terms of MWthd/kgU),the critical concentration of boric acid at the BOC as well as the cycle length,the axial,and radial power peaking factors,differential and integral worthy of the most reactive CPS-CRs,reactivity coefficients of the fuel,moderator,boric acid,and the under-moderation estimation of the core are conducted and benchmarked with the PWR ***,the burn-up calculations indicate that the 45.6 d increase of the first cycle length(which corresponds to 1.18 MWthd/kgU increase of burnup)is the best improving aim of the new FA type called ***,thermal-hydraulics core design criteria such as MDNBR(based on W3 correlation)and the maximum of fuel and clad temperatures(radially and axially),are investigated,and discussed based on the CDBL.

摘要：Plasmonic nanostructures display unique and strongly enhanced optical properties, therefore hold great promise for a wide range of spectroscopic applications, particularly surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy （SERS）. It is well acknowledged that the major contributions to SERS arise from molecules positioned in nanojunctions where the op- tical field is intensively concentrated due to localized surface plasmon excitations. One of the key challenges in SERS therefore lies in the design and fabrication of plasmonic nanostructures with controllable nanojunctions. In recent years, by exploiting the unparalleled base-pairing self-recognition properties, DNA-mediated assembly has emerged as a powerful and programmable tool for the accurate construction of complex and hierarchical plasmonic nanostructures with well-defined geometry and topology. In this review, we will summarize recent advances on de- sign and fabrication of a rich variety of plasmonic nanostructures by virtue of DNA nanotechnology, and discuss their optical properties as well as applications in SERS.