摘要：Bone screws are devices used to fix implants or bones to ***,conventional screws are mechanically fixed with thread and often face long-term failure due to poor *** improve osseointegration,screws are evolving from solid and smooth to porous and *** manufacturing(AM)offers a high degree of manufacturing freedom,enabling the preparation of predesigned screws that are porous and *** paper provides an overview of the problems currently faced by bone screws:long-term loosening and screw ***,advances in osseointegrated screws are summarized hierarchically(sub-micro,micro,and macro).At the sub-microscale level,we describe surface-modification techniques for enhancing *** the micro level,we summarize the micro-design parameters that affect the mechanical and biological properties of porous osseointegrated screws,including porosity,pore size,and pore *** addition,we highlight three promising pore shapes:triply periodic minimal surface,auxetic structure with negative Poisson ratio,and the Voronoi *** the macro level,we outline the strategies of graded design,gradient design,and topology optimization design to improve the mechanical strength of porous osseointegrated ***,this paper outlines advances in AM technology for enhancing the mechanical properties of porous osseointegrated *** osseointegrated screws with hierarchical design are expected to provide excellent long-term fixation and the required mechanical strength.

摘要：肿瘤微环境中的血管生成是肿瘤细胞对放化疗不敏感的主要原因.在本项研究中,我们设计了一种微环境响应型的纳米颗粒,利用ZrMOF的分解产物抑制肿瘤细胞中的PI3K/AKT/mTOR/VEGF通路,从而克服A549R细胞对顺铂的耐药性.我们将顺铂包裹在Zr-MOF中,并在表面修饰BSA,形成了CDDP@Zr-MOF-BSA纳米复合体,该复合体在肿瘤微环境中有良好的响应性,有助于在肿瘤区域蓄积,展现出卓越的血管生成抑制能力,并能明显降低药物的外排.此外,CDDP@Zr-MOFBSA能显著抑制多药耐药相关蛋白1(MRP1)的表达,从而逆转A549R细胞的耐药性.总体而言,CDDP@Zr-MOF-BSA对A549R有细胞毒性,能抑制肿瘤微环境中的血管生成,最终有效提高顺铂耐药肿瘤的治疗效果.CDDP@Zr-MOF-BSA为放化疗治疗耐药肿瘤提供了一种多功能协同的方法.

摘要：Regeneration and reconstruction of bone tissue is always a challenge for clinicians due to the uncertainty of bone repair materials in terms of long-term and efficient effects on ***,we propose a novel strategy combining benidipine,an antihypertensive drug and nanoparticles to synergistically promote the healing of bone *** and porous benidipine-loaded magnesium silicate nanoparticles were prepared and validated for their *** nanoparticles were efficiently taken up by preosteoblasts and uniformly distributed around the *** internalization into cells,the nanosystem is degraded by lysosomes,and the effect of promoting osteogenic differentiation is reflected by the continuous release of benidipine,silicon and magnesium *** results clearly evaluated that the nanoflower-like magnesium silicate delivering benidipine tends to be more appropriate for the bone regeneration in preosteoblasts,indicating that it might be a potential approach in guiding bone repair in clinical applications.

摘要：Backgrou nd Dense titanium(Ti)fusion cages have been commonly used in transforaminal lumbar interbody ***,the stiffness mismatch between cages and adjacent bone endplates increases the risk of stress shielding and cage *** The current study presents a multiscale optimization approach for porous Ti fusion cage development,including microscale topology optimization based on homogenization theory that obtains a unit cell with prescribed mechanical properties,and macroscale topology optimization that determines the layout of framework structure over the porous cage while maintaining the desired *** biomechanical performance of the designed porous cage is assessed using numerical simulations of fusion *** laser melting is employed to assists with fabricating the designed porous structure and porous *** The simulations demonstrate that the designed porous cage increases the strain energy density of bone grafts and decreases the peak stress on bone *** mechanical and morphological discrepancies between the as-designed and fabricated porous structures are also *** From the perspective of biomechanics,it is demonstrated that the designed porous cage contributes to reducing the risk of stress shielding and cage *** optimization of processing parameters and post-treatments are required to fabricate the designed porous *** present multiscale optimization approach can be extended to the development of cages with other shapes or materials and further types of orthopedic implants.

摘要：At present,the clinical reconstruction of the auricle usually adopts the strategy of taking autologous costal *** method has great trauma to patients,poor plasticity and inaccurate ***-dimensional(3D)printing technology has made a great breakthrough in the clinical application of orthopedic *** study explored the combination of 3D printing and tissue engineering to precisely reconstruct the ***,a polylactic acid(PLA)polymer scaffold with a precisely customized patient appearance was fabricated,and then auricle cartilage fragments were loaded into the 3D-printed porous PLA scaffold to promote auricle *** vitro,gelatin methacrylamide(GelMA)hydrogels loaded with different sizes of rabbit ear cartilage fragments were studied to assess the regenerative activity of various autologous cartilage *** vivo,rat ear cartilage fragments were placed in an accurately designed porous PLA polymer ear scaffold to promote auricle *** results indicated that the chondrocytes in the cartilage fragments could maintain the morphological phenotype in *** three months of implantation observation,it was conducive to promoting the subsequent regeneration of cartilage in *** autologous cartilage fragments combined with 3D printing technology show promising potential in auricle reconstruction.

摘要：A novel reconstructive prosthesis was designed with topological optimization(TO)and a lattice structure to enhance biomechanical and biological properties in the proximal *** biomechanical performance was validated through finite element analysis(FEA)and biomechanical *** tibia with inhomogeneous material properties was reconstructed according to computed tomography images,and different components were designed to simulate the *** compliance TO subject to a volume fraction constraint combined with a graded lattice structure was utilized to redesign the *** was performed to evaluate the mechanical performances of the tibia and implants after optimization,including stress,micromotion,and strain *** results were analyzed by paired-samples t tests,and p<0.05 was considered *** testing was used to verify the tibial *** to the original group(OG),the TO group(TOG)exhibited lower stress on the stem,and the maximum von Mises stresses were 87.2 and 53.1 MPa,respectively,a 39.1%reduction(p<0.05).Conversely,the stress and strain energy on the tibia increased in the *** maximum von Mises stress values were 16.4 MPa in the OG and 22.9 MPa in the TOG with a 39.6%increase(p<0.05),and the maximum SED value was 0.026 MPa in the OG and 0.042 MPa in the TOG,corresponding to an increase of 61.5%(p<0.05).The maximum micromotions in the distal end of the stem were 135μm in the OG and 68μm in the TOG,almost a 50%*** stress curves of the biomechanical test coincided well with the FEA *** TO approach can effectively reduce the whole weight of the prosthesis and improve the biomechanical environment of the *** could also pave the way for next-generation applications in orthopedics surgery.

摘要：The key to managing fracture is to achieve stable internal fixation,and currently,biologically and mechanically appropriate internal fixation devices are urgently *** excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance,titanium–niobium alloys have the potential to become a new generation of internal fixation materials for ***,the role and mechanism of titanium–niobium alloys on promoting fracture healing are still ***,in this study,we systematically evaluated the bone-enabling properties of Ti45Nb via in vivo and in vitro *** vitro,we found that Ti45Nb has an excellent ability to promote MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion and proliferation without obvious *** phosphatase(ALP)activity and alizarin red staining and semiquantitative analysis showed that Ti45Nb enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells compared to the Ti6Al4V *** the polymerase chain reaction experiment,the expression of osteogenic genes in the Ti45Nb group,such as ALP,osteopontin(OPN),osteocalcin(OCN),type 1 collagen(Col-1)and runt-related transcription factor-2(Runx2),was significantly higher than that in the control ***,in the western blot experiment,the expression of osteogenic-related proteins in the Ti45Nb group was significantly increased,and the expression of PI3K–Akt-related proteins was also higher,which indicated that Ti45Nb might promote fracture healing by activating the PI3K–Akt signaling *** vivo,we found that Ti45Nb implants accelerated fracture healing compared to Ti6Al4V,and the biosafety of Ti45Nb was confirmed by histological ***,immunohistochemical staining confirmed that Ti45Nb may promote osteogenesis by upregulating the PI3K/Akt signaling *** study demonstrated that Ti45Nb exerts an excellent ability to promote fracture healing as well as enhance osteoblast differentiation by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,and its good biosafety has been confirmed

摘要：ObjectiveTo 学习膝屈曲( ROF )的范围是否被大腿骨的部件和结果的变化的几何失配在高屈曲的以后稳定总数膝关节造形术( TKA )以后在以后的 condylar 偏移量( PCO )影响百个 osteoarthritic 病人( 50 男性和 50 女性)经历了的 .MethodsOne 大腿骨的截骨术由前面的引用技术。为每个病人的 PCO 以前从侧面的拍被测量，在期间并且在 TKA 以后的 2 年。联合软骨的厚度被磁性的回声成像在 TKA 前测量并且增加了到 X 光线照相术的测量上。在在 PCO 的变化和在 ROF 在前的改进之间的关系，在期间并且在 TKA 以后的 2 年是统计上有外科手术前的价值的 *** ， PCO 被减少由( 3.45 &plusmn;3.28 )在 TKA 以后的公里，比男病人在女病人与显著地更大的减小观察了( P > 0.05 )。当总体上检验题目人口时，在 TKA 期间在 PCO 和 ROF 改进之间有重要积极关联(P > 0.05 ) ，但是这改进没被维持在 TKA 以后的 2 年(P > 0.05 ) 。然而，当男、女的病人独立被分析时，为在两个时间点的两性在 PCO 变化和 ROF 改进之间有重要积极关联(所有 P > 0.05 ) PCO 的 .ConclusionsRestoration 甚至在以后稳定 TKA 以后在膝屈曲的优化起一个重要作用。大腿骨在白种人解剖特征上基于部件不能在中国人口匹配远侧的腿节的本国的解剖特别女汉语。有前面的引用技术的远侧的腿节的旋转切除术通常导致减少的 PCO 因此减少最大的可获得的屈曲。

摘要：目的胫骨的 pilon 破裂仍然保持挑战性让一位整形外科的外科医生修理。外部固定(ExFix ) 和内部固定(ORIF ) 是为修理胫骨的 pilon 破裂的二个广泛地使用的方法。然而，考虑方法是优异的比较研究的结论是争论的。我们的目的是比较 ORIF 和 ExFix 并且澄清哪个方法以减小和联合结果和主要复杂并发症更好。方法 A 计算机化 MEDLINE， EMBASE， Springer，和 Cochrane 图书馆的研究(在 2014 年 12 月前) 为比较的任何设计的研究， ORIF 和 ExFix 被进行。加权的吝啬的差别(WMD ) ，风险比率(RR ) 并且相应 95% 信心间隔(CI ) 被用于估计二个方法的效果。统计分析用评论经理版本 5.2 被做。十个队学习的结果和结果使随机化临床的试用在我们的最终的分析被包括。并且分析没在深感染发现二个方法之间的重要差别(p = 0.13 ) ，减小(p = 0.11 ) ，临床的评估(p = 0.82 ) ， traumatic 以后关节(p = 0.87 ) ，并且联合时间(p = 0.35 ) 。而且， ExFix 组被发现有表面的感染的更高的率(p = 0.001 ) ， malunion (p = 0.01 ) 并且不属于工会(p = 0.02 ) ，但是有意外硬件移动的更低的风险(p = 0.0002 ) 。我们建议那 ORIF 的结论有表面的感染的相对更低的发生率， malunion 并且不属于工会，但是意外硬件的更高的率移动。没有差别在深感染，减小，临床的评估， traumatic 以后关节和联合时间被发现。

摘要：Gradual distraction with an external fixator is a widely used treatment for severe postburn ankle contracture(SPAC).However,application of external fixators is complex,and conventional two-dimensional(2D)imaging-based surgical planning is not particularly helpful due to a lack of spatial *** purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical planning process for this procedure with patient-specific three-dimension-printed models(3DPMs).In this study,patients coming from two centers were divided into two cohorts(3DPM group *** group)depending on whether a 3DPM was used for preoperative surgical *** duration,improvement in metatarsal-tibial angle(MTA),range of motion(ROM),the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS)scores,complications,and patient-reported satisfaction were compared between two *** 3DPM group had significantly shorter operation duration than the control group((2.0±0.3)h vs.(3.2±0.3)h,P<0.01).MTA,ROM,and AOFAS scores between the two groups showed no significant differences pre-operation,after the removal of the external fixator,or at *** feet were achieved and gait was substantially improved in all patients at the final ***-tract infections occurred in two patients(one in each group)during distraction and were treated with wound care and oral *** in the 3DPM group reported higher satisfaction than those in the control group,owing to better patient-surgeon *** planning using patient-specific 3DPMs significantly reduced operation duration and increased patient satisfaction,while providing similar improvements in ankle movement and function compared to traditional surgical planning for the correction of SPAC with external fixators.