摘要：In this paper, a depth-graded C/W multilayer mirror with broad grazing incident angular range, consisting of three multilayer stacks, each of which has different period thickness d and the layer pair number, was designed and fabricated by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering. For calculating the definite performance of such a mirror, the saturation effects of the interfacial imperfection, such as interface roughness and diffusion, were emerged. The reflectivity of the mirror was measured by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument at Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.154 nm), the measured reflectivity was about 30% in a broad grazing incident angular range (0.55°-0.85°). By the fitting data, the thickness of each layer is almost same as the one designed and the roughness in the multilayer is about 0.85 nm, which is larger than the prospective value of 0.5 nm.

摘要：In order to realize safe and accurate homing of parafoil system,a multiphase homing trajectory planning scheme is proposed according to the maneuverability and basic flight characteristics of the *** this scenario,on the basis of geometric relationship of each phase trajectory,the problem of trajectory planning is transformed to parameter optimizing,and then auxiliary population-based quantum differential evolution algorithm(AP-QDEA)is applied as a tool to optimize the objective function,and the design parameters of the whole homing trajectory are *** proposed AP-QDEA combines the strengths of differential evolution algorithm(DEA)and quantum evolution algorithm(QEA),and the notion of auxiliary population is introduced into the proposed algorithm to improve the searching precision and *** simulation results show that the proposed AP-QDEA is proven its superior in both effectiveness and efficiency by solving a set of benchmark problems,and the multiphase homing scheme can fulfill the requirement of fixed-points and upwind landing in the process of homing which is simple in control and facile in practice as well.

摘要：科学正在进入一个新时代——第五范式——它被认为是知识整合到不同领域的主要特征,是基于无所不在的机器学习系统的计算社区中智能驱动的工作。在此,我们通过在天河一号超级计算机系统上构建的催化材料专门设计的典型平台案例,生动地阐明了第五范式的本质,旨在促进第五范式在其他领域的培养。第五范式平台主要包括模型自动构建(原始数据提取)、指纹自动构建(神经网络特征选择)以及跨学科知识串联的重复迭代(“火山图”)。与分解一起进行的是对迭代中实现的体系结构的性能评估。通过讨论,第五范式的智能驱动平台可以极大地简化和改进研究中极其繁琐和具有挑战性的工作,并通过补偿机器学习中缺少样本和替代一些由于计算资源不足而导致的数值计算来实现数值计算与机器学习之间的相互反馈,从而加速探索过程。在数据驱动的学科中,跨学科专家的协同作用和对动态数据需求的急剧增长仍然是一个挑战。我们相信,对第五范式平台的一瞥可以为其在其他领域的应用铺平道路。

摘要：Liquid metals(LM) such as eutectic gallium-indium and gallium-indium-tin are important functional liquid-state metal materials with many unique properties, which have attracted wide attentions especially from soft robot area. Recently the amoeba-like transformations of LM on the graphite surface are discovered, which present a promising future for the design and assemble of self-fueled actuators with dendritically deformable body. It appears that the surface tension of the LM can be significantly reduced when it contacts graphite surface in alkaline solution. Clearly, the specific surface should play a vital role in inducing these intriguing behaviors, which is valuable and inspiring in soft robot design. However, the information regarding varied materials functions underlying these behaviors remains unknown. To explore the generalized effects of surface materials in those intriguing behavior, several materials including glass, graphite, nickel and copper oxides(CuO) were comparatively investigated as substrate *** results were obtained that only LM amoeba transformations were observed on graphite and CuO surfaces. In order to identify the proper surface condition for LM transformation, the intrinsic properties of substrate surfaces, such as the surface charge and roughness, as well as the specific interaction with LM like wetting behavior and mutual locomotion etc., were characterized. The integrated results revealed that LM droplet appears more likely to deform on surfaces with higher positive surface charge density, higher roughness and less bubble generation on them. In addition, another surface material,CuOx, is identified to own similar ability to graphite, which is valuable in achieving amoeba-like transformation. Moreover, this study offers a fundamental understanding of the surface properties in realizing LM amoeba transformations, which would shed light on packing and structure design of liquid metal-based soft device within multi-material s

摘要：pH dependent uorescence emission of a thioxanthone-based probe has been re-ported *** potential deter-minant factors of pH dependence may provide important clues to design novel thioxanthone-based probes in the *** dependence of photochemical kinetics of thioxanthone itself was inves-tigated in this work using nanosecond time-resolved laser ash *** nanosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectra and kinetics of TX in aqueous acetonitrile were recorded,as well as for a model reaction system including TX with diphenylamine(DPA)as a *** the well-known absorption peak of ^(3)TX*,other peaks at 417,518,673 and 780 nm,have been reliably attributed to major intermediates in the overall reaction between TX and DPA with photolysis,which has been con rmed to occur along a multistep *** the strong acidic solution(pH≈3.0),TX and protonated TX ions(TXH^(+))coexist due to protonated ***,high proton concentration promotes the predominant decay pathway after photolysis from electron transfer to proton ***,the di erent primary products,^(3)TXH^(+*)or TX^(·-),proceed di erent secondary reaction *** addition,within the wide pH range from weak acid(pH=5.0)to alkaline solution(pH=13.0),the overall reaction mechanism and rates do not show visible changes.

摘要：二氧化锡(SnO_(2))具有高的理论比容量,有望作为下一代锂离子电池负极材料.然而,Sn向SnO_(2)的不可逆转化以及充放电过程中巨大的体积变化限制了其实际的应用.本文基于三维互连多孔氧化铝模板,设计合成了一种由内腔同时填充NiO和SnO_(2)纳米颗粒的碳管基元相互连接组成的三维碳管网格膜,可以直接作为自支撑的高性能锂离子电池负极.该复合框架利用了NiO和SnO_(2)纳米颗粒的协同作用,不仅能够促进Sn向SnO_(2)的可逆转变,提高首次库伦效率,而且还可以缓释充放电过程中SnO_(2)剧烈的体积变化.此外,相互连接的三维碳管框架可以负载大量NiO和SnO_(2)纳米颗粒,缩短Li+的扩散距离,并作为快速的电子传输通道.因此,这种独特的结构赋予了该电极超高的储锂容量和倍率性能在1 A g^(-1)循环200次后,比容量达到928.5 mA h g^(-1),并且在4 A g^(-1)的高电流密度下仍然具有633.5 mA h g^(-1)的比容量.总之,这种独特的一体化结构在锂离子电池等储能领域具有广阔的应用前景.

摘要：Design and construction of the first prototype ionization chamber for CSNS and Proton Accelerator （PA） beam loss monitor （BLM） system is reported. The low leakage current （〈0.1 pA）, good plateau （≈800 V） and linearity range up to 200 Roentgen/h are obtained in the first prototype. All of these give us good experience for further improving the ionization chamber construction.

摘要：因为当他们的模量减少，硅酮弹性体的肮脏释放的能力增加了，我们设计了并且与在他们水里的沉浸以后是可溶的嵌入的微小的 NaCl crytals 准备了 composites，导致充满水的多孔的弹性体。扫描电子显微镜图象证实了如此的设计充满水的多孔的结构。在这些特殊设计的弹性体的水微落下的许多的存在减少了 shear 存储模量并且增加了损失因素。减少砍模量这里起主要作用并且是直接在他们上一个伪藤壶与更低的批评剥离开有关强调。因此，有便宜的盐的如此的新奇准备提供一个更好的方法而不是昂贵的硅酮没有 cross-linking 密度的重要减少，与更低的模量，一个更低的批评剥离开压力和一个更好肮脏版本的性质做肮脏版本的油漆。

摘要：可被蓝光激发的高热稳定性红色荧光粉是制作高性能白光二极管(WLED)的关键材料.研究发现,Ce^(3+)掺杂的SrLaScO_(4)(SLO:Ce^(3+))荧光粉在440 nm激发下呈现峰值为640 nm的反常宽带红光发射.光谱学和结构分析证实Ce^(3+)离子在SLO中进入[LaO_(8)]多面体,产生强的晶体场劈裂和较大的Stokes位移,实现了比Eu^(2+)更低能量的红光发射.我们还设计并揭示了一种电荷转移相互作用的策略:在Sc^(3+)位置引入电负性较大的Ga^(3+),Ga^(3+)可以吸引更多邻位配合基团的电荷,以减少导带底部的电子占用而扩大带隙.Sc/Ga取代有效地抑制了热激活电离过程,使SrLa(Sc,Ga)O_(4):Ce^(3+)的热稳定性获得了显著提升,即在150℃的发光强度比(相对于20℃)从15%提升至31%.本研究为发现具有良好热稳定性的新型Ce^(3+)掺杂红色荧光粉提供了有效的设计原则.

摘要：A new electrode structure CdZnTe(Cadmium Zinc Telluride) detector named Binode CdZnTe has been proposed in this *** with the softwares of MAXWELL,GEANT4,and ROOT,the charge collection process and its gamma spectrum of the detector have been simulated and the detector structure has been *** order to improve its performance further,Compton scattering effect correction has been *** simulation results demonstrate that with refined design and Compton scattering effect correction,Binode CdZnTe detectors is capable of achieving 3.92%FWHM at 122 keV,and 1.27%FWHM at 662 *** with other single-polarity(electron-only) detector configurations,Binode CdZnTe detector offers a cost effective and simple structure alternative with comparable energy resolution.