摘要：The DC-DC converters are widely used in photovoltaic generating systems as an interface between PV module and the load. These converters must be chosen to be able to match the maximum power point (MPP) of PV module when climatic conditions change with different resistive load values. So DC-DC converters must be used with MPPT controller in order to reduce losses in the global PV system. This article focuses on the effect of climatic conditions on design of two components (inductance, capacitance) for three topologies of DC-DC converters commonly used in PV systems. When climatic conditions change, the boundary of inductance and capacitance parameters of DC-DC converter will change. These two parameters must be properly sized to achieve optimal efficiency for each converter. The design optimization is based on two principles: 1) for a steady-state operation in a continuous conduction mode, the inductance value for all choppers must be greater than the maximum value of boundary inductance, and 2) in order to limit the output voltage ripple of DC-DC converter below a desired value, the filter capacitance must be larger than the maximum value of boundary capacitance.

摘要：阐述了如何结合专家系统和人工神经网络技术来开发外圆车削加工的计算机辅助工艺系统。根据设计要求,专家系统的推理机制能从相应的知识库中寻找出适合的工艺流程和参数;另一方面,同样的人工神经网络结构能根据不同的训练数据提供不同的答案,因此弥补了专家系统灵活性不足的缺点。所以,一个集成了两者的复合系统必将提供更好的实用性。

摘要：Objectives:This study aims to develop the Directive and Nondirective Support Scale for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes(DNSS-T2DM)to measure diabetes-specific support and patients’preference as well as evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the ***:A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tongzhou District,Beijing,China from July to September 2015.A total of 474 participants who had been diagnosed as type 2 diabetes by physicians and completed the DNSS-T2DM were *** original 11-item DNSS-T2DM contains five items on nondirective support(Items 1-5)and six items on directive support(Items 6-11).There were two parallel questions for each item with one to measure the preference for support(Preference part)and the other to measure the perception of support in reality(Reality part).The final DNSS-T2DM was determined based on the results of the exploratory factor analysis(EFA).The construct validity of the final DNSS-T2DM was evaluated by the confirmatory factor analysis(CFA).The reliability was evaluated by internal consistency with Cronbach’sα***:A final 7-item DNSS-T2DM loaded on 2 factors with four items representing nondirective support and three items representing directive support was determined based on the *** CFA indicated a satisfactory construct *** internal consistency of the 7-item DNSS-T2DM as well as the nondirective support items was satisfactory with Cronbach’sα≥***:Our study supported the validity and reliability of the 7-item *** studies on the application of the DNSS-T2DM in different settings and population are needed.

摘要：摩擦发光(ML)是由机械力作用在材料上引起的发光现象。近年来,金属配合物ML材料因其独特的光学发射特性而受到广泛关注,在应力传感、防伪、结构健康监测、医疗健康、结构检测等领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文综述了近年来具有摩擦发光性质的金属配合物材料的研究进展,包括镧系金属配合物和过渡金属配合物。此外,还讨论了摩擦发光的产生机制、设计原理、光物理性质及其应用前景。本综述将为构建金属配合物摩擦发光材料以及拓展其在应力传感、结构检测等方面的应用提供启发和指导。

摘要：磁驱动方法具有无线连接和高安全性的特点,是一种常见的微机器人驱动技术,适用于微流体操作以及医疗微机器人导航等应用。然而,由于微型机器人或被驱动的目标暴露在同一片磁场环境中的,使得选择性地控制单个机器人或多个目标中的某一部分变得具有挑战性。本文回顾了磁场驱动的多微型机器人或多关节微型机器人系统的选择性和独立控制方法的最新进展。这些选择性和独立的控制方法将全局磁场解码为特定配置,用于多个微型机器人的独立驱动。这些方法包括将机器人设计成具有与众不同的物理属性或者在工作空间中的不同位置产生性质各异的磁场。对选定目标的独立控制使多个微型机器人能够有效协作以完成更复杂的操作。在这篇综述中,我们提供了一个独特的视角来解释如何在磁场中操纵单个微型机器人以在小尺度机器人中实现高水平的群体智能,这有助于加速微型机器人技术在现实生活中应用的转化和发展。

摘要：表面聚合物涂层作为保护层广泛应用于表面防腐、防渗透和抗冲击等各种领域,如何在已有材料体系和工艺条件下提高涂层机械力学性能,是一个重要但具有挑战性的问题.受自下而上的制造工艺和生物体的层级结构的能量耗散机制的启发,本文开发了一种具有自褶皱表面形态和梯度交联结构的光固化涂层.理论模拟和实验结果表明,表面自褶皱的独特形貌和体系内梯度交联结构有助于提升涂层的力学性能及抗冲击性.这种光固化自褶皱涂层为设计功能抗冲击聚合物涂层材料开辟了新的途径.

摘要：Manufacturing plants are increasingly complex and integrated, requiring control systems able to identify the interactions between the various operating units. Production planning and control design of a process are tools that, if combined, bring many economic benefits to the processes since they aim to identify and maintain optimal decision operations to a system. This work uses such integration between production planning and plantwide control to propose a control system for the Williams-Otto plant from the definition of the operating optimal point for coordinated decentralized optimization, in which the original optimization problem decomposition into smaller coordinated problems ensure that the found local optimum also meets the requirements of the global system. The results for decentralized optimization are satisfactory and very similar to the global optimum problem and to the control system response proposed based on the optimal obtained. It is effective taking smooth actions, working with （economic） optimal set points （economically） of operation. The unification of production planning techniques and plantwide control techniques is an effective tool for the control system design for entire plants.

摘要：Geometric computing is an important tool in design and manufacturing and in arts. Conventionally, geometric computing is taken by algebraic computing. The vivid intuition of objects in visualization is lost in numeric functions, which is however very useful to human cognition as well as emotion. In this paper, we proposed a concept and theory of geometric basis （GB） as the solving cell for geometric computing. Each GB represents a basic geometric operation. GB works as both expressing and solving cell just like the concept of basis in linear algebra by which every element of the vector space can be expressed. For 3D problems, with a procedure of a projections reduction, the problem can be reduced to plane and the reduction function can be designed as a GB. A sequence of GB can construct a higher layer GB. Then, by the traversal of tree, a sequence of GB is got and this sequence is just the construction process and also the solution of this geometric problem.

摘要：Polyurethane elastomers with covalent adaptable networks(PU-CANs)based on the dynamic urethane bond have attracted remarkable attention owing to their reprocessability,adaptability,and ***,it is still a formidable challenge to achieve excellent dynamics at low temperatures since the urethane bond energy is usually ***,a fluorinated phenolic polyurethane(FPPU)elastomer with CANs based on phenol±carbamate bonds was successfully designed and ***,the effects of fluorine atoms on the mechanical properties,thermal stability,reprocessability,and self-healability,surface free energy,and hydrophobicity of the prepared elastomers were systematically *** FPPU elastomer showed notch-insensitivity,remarkable self-healable efficiency(98%),low dynamic dissociation temperature(60℃),excellent reprocessability,and low surface energy(62 MJ m^(-2))compared with non-fluorinated counterpart phenolic polyurethane elastomer(APPU).Based on the above-mentioned features,FPPU was selected as an elastic substrate to assemble into a triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)to harvest energy from natural *** TENG exhibited an excellent electrical output performance with a peak open-circuit voltage of 103 V,a peak short-circuit current of 4.7μA and a peak short-circuit charge of 43 *** addition,the TENG possessed high selfcleaning and reprocessing ***,a stretchable and self-healing composite conductor based on FPPU was fabricated for flexible electronic devices.

摘要：背景:发展并使用一种用于研究结核分支杆菌基因差异的聚合酶链反应(PCR)设计:结核分支杆菌H_(37)Rv的两个多态性DNA片段被鉴定和测序。然后引物被设计以用于对两个多态性片段同时进行扩增。该方法被用于研究179例临床结核菌分离株,这些菌株以前曾用IS6110的Southern杂交鉴定。结果:两个多态性片段均含有直接重复序列。其中一个片段的直接重复序列位于α-异丙基苹果酸酯合成酶基因的编码序列之间。179个菌株的两个片段经过扩增后,PCR产物的40个型能够被鉴定。该方法能够将38个IS6110单带菌株区分为23个型。属于北京家族的菌株中的大多数具有与H_(37)Rv相同的PCR产物。Nonthaburi组成员的PCR产物彼此间是相似的。结论:这些结果符合北京家族和Nonthaburi组成员起源于两个共同祖先的假说。该PCR方法可能有助于对含IS6110单拷贝的结核菌菌株进行区分。