摘要：The treatment of historical buildings represents challenges for those who are concerned with conservation. The difficulty lies in how to apply the treatment without destroying the old components and the original design of the building. The treatment processes take place by the classification of the type and the value of the building, then the determination of the deterioration level decides the level of intervention. The aim of the research is to provide a method for assessing the ways of preserving the architectural and urban heritage, which includes all the factors that affect the preservation of the heritage so as to access that it contributes to access to the deficiencies in the ways of preserving the heritage and to build a plan for action to avoid them in the future. The research followed a causal comparative research approach that began with an analytical study to determine the factors affecting preservation and its considerations, by collecting and analyzing the data of the most important international and national charters and recommendations for the preservation. This study defined the preservation works into 4 levels of interventions passed on the intervention objectives, building＇s physical state, causes for the deterioration and maintenance works. By comparing the deterioration level with the intervention level for the conservation procedures, the result indicates the suitability of the work performed. This result could be number between 4 and -4.

摘要：DNA纳米技术是纳米生物技术的一个重要研究领域,近年来发展迅猛.通过理性设计和可控制备可以获得多种基于DNA纳米结构的材料.DNA水凝胶作为宏量DNA材料的重要代表备受关注,展现出很广泛的应用前景,尤其是在生物医学应用领域.本文介绍了DNA水凝胶的分子设计原理、合成方法和典型应用,重点综述近年来该领域具有代表性的研究成果.

摘要：Many small-size precise plastic helical involutes gears are used in electrical appliances to transmit rotary movements con- tinuously and smoothly. Ball-end milling is an effective method for trial manufacture or small batch production of this type of gear, but the precision of the gear is usually low. In this research, the main sources of the errors of the gear, machining errors of the tooth profile and trace of the gear obtained were analyzed. The correction amounts for these errors are then determined by using a CNC gear tester. They are used to generate a new 3D-CAD model for gear machining with better nrecision.

摘要：In this paper, a biosensor based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed and designed using Full-Vectorial Finite Element Method (FVFEM). The proposed PCF sensor consists of three concentric circles surrounding the core. The key optical sensor characteristics such as sensitivity, the field profiles and real part of the refractive index of the proposed PCF structure are investigated by employing the FVFEM. The proposed sensor can be deployed for environmental sensing when the PCF active region is filled with either analytes such as liquids or gas. By careful selection of the design parameters such as the radius of the sensing circle, the diameter of air holes in the core region and hole to hole spacing, Λ, the sensitivity analytes is determined. Our simulation results show that, the electric field distribution is primary localized in the third concentric circle with a radius of 16 μm. Effects of PCF bending on the sensitivity is also studied and reported.

摘要：本文介绍一套求解复杂流体模拟和优化控制问题的高可扩展并行算法.该算法基于非结构化网格,结合了加稳定化项的有限元空间离散方法、全隐的时间离散格式、多物理场全耦合的求解算法、区域分解算法及求解非线性系统的Newton-Krylov-Schwarz算法等多套先进算法.利用该算法,本文对多个实际工程应用中流体模拟和优化设计问题进行了测试,数值结果显示,该算法对本文研究的几类问题,具有很好的收敛性和并行可扩展性,当使用8192个处理器核求解规模超过两千万个网格单元的问题时,仍然具有超过40%的并行效率.

摘要：光的二向色性是指自然或人造晶体中沿着不同晶向对线偏光吸收的差异.通过设计优化人造晶体中的微/纳米结构可以获得很强的二向色性,可用在起偏器和半波片等光学组件中.在自然晶体中,二向色性通常来源于晶体中的低对称性,而这与晶体结构和元素组成有很大关系.

摘要：固体氧化物电池将在未来可再生能源储存转换系统中占据重要位置.但SOCs受制于低耐久度的影响,目前仍需在新材料开发和工程设计方面取得进一步的突破以实现商业化.这项研究报道了一个数据驱动的粉体-能量框架(Powder-to-power framework,P2PF),通过实现从制备到长时运行的异质电极形貌演化数字化,实现了对于整个生命周期的性能预测.首先通过参数分析阐明了微结构参数对于燃料电极长期性能的内在影响机制,发现合理控制离子导电相的体积分数不仅可以有效抑制镍粗化,还是减少镍迁移引起的欧姆损失增加的关键.电极初始性能和性能衰减率是多参数耦合作用的结果.所构建代理模型被应用于多目标遗传算法以提出简单可行的耐久度优化策略.数据驱动的粉体-能量框架确定了满足不同最大运行时长要求的最佳电极制备参数,并将镍基电极的降解率从基本工况下2.132%kh^(-1)降低到0.703%kh^(-1)(最大运行时长大于50000 h).

摘要：Hydrologiska Byrans Vattenbalansavdeling(HBV) Light model was used to evaluate the performance of the model in response to climate change in the snowy and glaciated catchment area of Hunza River Basin. The study aimed to understand the temporal variation of streamflow of Hunza River and its contribution to Indus River System(IRS). HBV model performed fairly well both during calibration(R2=0.87, Reff=0.85, PBIAS=-0.36) and validation(R2=0.86, Reff=0.83, PBIAS=-13.58) periods on daily time scale in the Hunza River Basin. Model performed better on monthly time scale with slightly underestimated low flows period during bothcalibration(R2=0.94, Reff=0.88, PBIAS=0.47) and validation(R2=0.92, Reff=0.85, PBIAS=15.83) periods. Simulated streamflow analysis from 1995-2010 unveiled that the average percentage contribution of snow, rain and glacier melt to the streamflow of Hunza River is about 16.5%, 19.4% and 64% respectively. In addition, the HBV-Light model performance was also evaluated for prediction of future streamflow in the Hunza River using future projected data of three General Circulation Model(GCMs) i.e. BCC-CSM1.1, CanESM2, and MIROCESM under RCP2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 and predictions were made over three time periods, 2010-2039, 2040-2069 and 2070-2099, using 1980-2010 as the control period. Overall projected climate results reveal that temperature and precipitation are the most sensitiveparameters to the streamflow of Hunza River. MIROC-ESM predicted the highest increase in the future streamflow of the Hunza River due to increase in temperature and precipitation under RCP4.5 and 8.5 scenarios from 2010-2099 while predicted slight increase in the streamflow under RCP2.6 during the start and end of the 21 th century. However, BCCCSM1.1 predicted decrease in the streamflow under RCP8.5 due to decrease in temperature and precipitation from 2010-2099. However, Can ESM2 predicted 22%-88% increase in the streamflow under RCP4.5 from 2010-2099. The results of this study could

摘要：通过电催化氧化葡萄糖等可再生生物质生产高附加值化学品为实现碳中和目标提供了一条有效途径.目前用于电催化生物质氧化反应的电催化剂主要分为贵金属基催化剂和非贵金属基催化剂.对于贵金属基电催化剂,文献报道了铂基催化剂的氧化态随电势变化,进而调控电催化葡萄糖氧化的活性和选择性.对于非贵金属基催化剂,钴基和镍基氧化物和氢氧化物被广泛应用于电催化生物质氧化反应,但铜基催化剂直到最近才引起关注.最近,金属铜、氧化亚铜和氢氧化铜在内的铜基材料被证实是一类有应用前景的电催化生物质氧化催化剂,但在电化学条件下的真实活性位结构仍难以鉴定.本文针对电催化葡萄糖等生物质平台分子的氧化反应,证明了氧化铜的催化活性相随电压升高从氢氧化铜演变为羟基氧化铜,阐明了结构和反应活性及选择性的构效关系,该工作加深了对铜基催化剂活性位动态重构的理解,有助于电催化生物质转化的催化剂理性设计,促进可再生资源利用和碳中和目标的实现.

摘要：基于功能基元和序构范式将功能基元序构成特定取向组织,可以最大限度的利用层状结构材料的力学性能各向异性.然而,其各向异性变形行为的微观起源尚不清楚.本文以全片层的γ-TiAl/α_(2)-Ti_(3)Al双相单晶为模型,通过沿特征取向的原位透射电镜拉伸试验和多尺度结构表征,揭示了界面功能基元主导的塑性各向异性及相应的变形机制.相比于片层内部本征的位错行为,跨γ/α2界面取向序构主导的滑移系连续性和界面强度在塑性各向异性中起决定性作用.因此,当平行或垂直于片层方向拉伸时,层状材料发生穿片层的应力传递或界面分层,进而导致强度和延展性的各向异性.这些机理对理解层状结构材料的塑性各向异性具有普遍意义,有利于高性能合金的结构设计.