摘要：多层金属化是集成芯片以摩尔定律的速度更替的重要工艺手段。在多层金属化中,平坦的晶圆表面对每道工序的成功完成都是非常必要的,而化学机械抛光工艺能在每道工序之前将晶圆表面抛光。化学机械抛光主要是通过使用颗粒研浆去除材料来实现晶圆抛光。除了研浆本身的化学性质外,研浆的效果也受研磨颗粒性质的影响。如果我们能够更好的理解研磨颗粒的特性和颗粒研磨机制,将会有助于提高化学机械抛光效果。本文主要讨论了颗粒形成、研浆稳定性、颗粒润滑以及化学机械抛光中颗粒设计中的最新进展。

摘要：Rapid developing information retrieval technology has become one of the most important means of obtaining useful information from massive web resources. However, traditional keyword-based information retrieval has encountered several major bottlenecks, such as theme drift, low recall and meaning lacking. Combining topic information retrieval with ontology-based semantic technology is one of those effective methods to improve above mentioned shortages. To prove the idea, this paper tries to design and implement a retrieval system based on the computer technology domain ontology, which is constructed on basis of the existing ontology theory. For better effect, this paper makes some improvements to the existing semantic similarity algorithms and designs a new query expansion algorithm. Results show that the prototype system acts efficiently on query extension and topic information search. To certain extent, it improves the recall and precision of keyword based retrieval system.

摘要：Facing on the increasing CAD product data owned by manufacturing enterprises, apparently few of contemporary document version management methods can satisfy customers" requirements. Considering the developing actuality of CAD document version management in domestic manufacturing, this paper proposes a version finalizing method based on PLM platform and employs ENOVIA as its implementing platform. After emphasizing current demand for version finalization during the entire product designing process, it introduces a detailed presentation of the constraint condition and specific implementing methods of proposed CAD document version finalization. The experimental results in PLM projects shows us that appropriate implementing method of version finalization could facilitate the identification of working version or release version, standardize the product design flow, reduce the frequency of engineering modifications, and effectively shorten the period of product design cycle.

摘要：背景:对于植入生物活体内的高分子材料,应具有医用功能性和生物相容性。目的:论述抗凝血材料的设计及血液相容性高分子材料的凝血机制。方法:由第一作者检索1953/2011PubMed数据库及万方数据库文献。检索词为"生物相容性材料,抗凝血材料,生物医用材料,医用高分子材料"。结果与结论:通常对材料进行表面分子设计,改善表面的亲硫水性、引入带电基团、负载生物活性物质等,以尽量减轻血栓形成来提高材料的血液相容性。然而,表面修饰的方法对血液相容性的改善有限。因此,应用组织工程方法在材料表面原位培养人体内皮细胞使材料内皮化,成为改善血液相容性的重要途径。

摘要：近年来,由工程生物材料制成的可注射治疗剂正变得越来越流行,并推动传统的临床实践走向微创化.可注射水凝胶由于其可调控的物理及化学特性、可控的降解性能、高含水量以及在微创方式下实现递送的能力,在组织工程和药物递送领域中变得越来越重要.研究者们已开发出例如原位交联水凝胶、大孔水凝胶、水凝胶微粒、动态交联水凝胶等一系列性能独特的可注射水凝胶.通过调控水凝胶的固含量和交联密度,并引入适当的共价或非共价相互作用,例如静电相互作用、疏水相互作用等,这些水凝胶可在注射过程中实现生物活性分子的递送.同时,可注射水凝胶亦可用于细胞的递送,提供细胞培养所需的三维环境,并通过调控力学性能、化学修饰、生物功能化修饰等手段调控细胞黏附、增殖、分化等行为.本文旨在回顾近年来可注射水凝胶的设计和制备的相关进展,以及其在再生医学中的应用,并对该领域存在的挑战和潜力进行了展望.

摘要：In recent years, the quantity of motor vehicles increases rapidly and the burden of the management of the road traffic are increasingly heavy. The information management of motor vehicles is disordered and the illegal information sharing of motor vehicles across the country is bad. Nowadays, in response to this mess, a B2B mode of the Road Traffic Offense Information Management System has been put forward. The system adopts SSH lightweight J2EE composite framework for development, and encapsulates such operations as complex algorithm, database interaction and data access through the JavaBeans component, which has enhanced the flexibility of the back-end data store and the promptness of the information analysis, and improved the practicability and scalability of the whole system. Since the system was put into practical operation, it has effectively improved the traffic police"s regulatory capacity and efficiency in dealing with violations against traffic control and realized the sharing of motor vehicles" road traffic offense information nationwide. In the running process, the system is stable in performance, with good sharing of data and simple operation.

摘要：Objective: This study evaluates the relationship between symptoms of pelvic floor disorders, and measurement of pelvic organ prolapse. Study design: This retrospective cross-sectional study assessed prolapse in 905 women in an academic urogynecologic practice using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification exam. Symptoms were assessed with a Likert symptom questionnaire and the Urogenital Distress Inventory. Relationships between symptoms and prolapse were analyzed using Spearman’ s correlation. Results: Symptoms of “ bulging” correlated moderately to the greatest extent of prolapse (r = 0.4, P <.001). Frequency of bother progressively increases when the leading edge descends from -3 and 0. Between ? 1 and ? 5, 90% of women report bother. Symptoms typically attributed to anterior or posterior wall prolapse did not correlate with descent of the respective compartment. Conclusion: “ Bulging” is the principle symptom that correlates with prolapse severity. We found no discrete anatomic position that discriminates between prolapse as a disease state and normal anatomic variation.

摘要：忆阻器具有依赖于激励历史的动态电阻,可以用来构造少晶体管的非易失性半导体存储器(NVSM),也称为阻变随机存取存储器(RRAM).本文提出了一种基于忆阻器的阻变随机存取存储器(MRRAM)——可与现代计算系统相兼容的纳米级二值存储器实现方案,其结构与静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)类似,但用忆阻器替代基本RS触发器存储信息.在此基础上,通过改进该MRRAM,可以实现在一个存储单元中存储多比特信息(以灰度级形式)的多值存储器,大大提高了存储密度.给出的计算机仿真和数值分析验证了本方案在存储ASCII字符和图像中的有效性,探讨了灰度图像存储的新方法.

摘要：Objective: To evaluate the duration of high-risk HPV-associated cancer risk. Study design: Patients who had had a routine diagnostic Hybrid Capture Tube Test (HCT) due to squamous cell abnormalities of the uterine cervix were followed-up until the endpoint of histologically diagnosed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Results: Six hundred and thirty-eight women were followed during a cumulative follow-up of 16,423 patient months. The adjusted relative risk associated with the positive HR-HCT test for high-grade CIN/52.0 (20.9- 19.2)/ proved to be higher than that of the cytological atypia/5.44 (2.52- 11.77)- /. At the end of the 30 months of follow- up the crude and adjusted risks for CIN2+ were 214.3 (28.4- 1615.7) and 196.7 (25.4- 1525.2), respectively in the HPV 16/18 group, and after 30 months, the crude and adjusted RR decreased to 57.6 (10.4- 318.9) and 29.2 (5.02- 170.0). In the groups of other high- risk types and possibly high-risk types the general tendency was the same. However, new CIN2+ cases were not detected after the 30th month of follow-up in these later groups. Conclusions: HPV16/18 associated relative risk is nearly 200 times higher than that of the HPV negative population and an outstanding risk persists with duration of about 30 months. The risk is manifested in progression to high-grade CIN lesions mainly within a 2 years interval after the first detection of HPV 16/18 infection.

摘要：目的克隆肺炎衣原体基因CPn0308,表达融合蛋白,并制备抗体对其表达的内源性蛋白进行初步定位。方法根据STD基因库提供的信息设计引物,聚合酶链反应(PCR)克隆目的基因,用BamHI/NotI对克隆的目的基因和pGEX-6P2载体进行酶切,T4连接酶连接后,重组质粒经42℃转化XL1-blue细菌;用PCR进行初步筛选,交叉PCR对提取质粒进一步确定,最后对插入片断进行序列分析;用IPTG诱导阳性克隆的细菌使其表达GST融合蛋白,纯化后免疫小鼠制备抗体,使用IFA对内源性蛋白进行定位分析。结果克隆出肺炎衣原体基因CPn0308,全长为366bp,编码121个氨基酸;并表达了融合蛋白GST-CPn0308,分子量约为39kD;制备了抗体,IFA实验发现该蛋白初步定位于肺炎衣原体包涵体膜蛋白上。结论成功克隆肺炎衣原体基因CPn0308,其内源性蛋白初步定位于肺炎衣原体包涵体膜上。