摘要：This study was carried out to assess the growth characteristics of Grewia moll＆, Grewia tenax and Grewia villosa under the nursery and field conditions. Two experiments were conducted at the farm of the College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Juba, Khartoum, Sudan. Randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Morphological and physiological factors were measured. Seedlings height, number of leaves, number of branches and sub-branches were different （P 〈 0.05） among the three species at the nursery stage and under field conditions. Collar diameter showed significant difference among the species under field conditions. Physiological factors exhibited more significant variations in the field than at the nursery stage. Variations in growth characteristics were attributed to genetics differences and different growth habit, while variations in physiological factors （photosynthesis and transpiration rate） were attributed to differences in leaf structure, size and number of stomatal pores.

摘要：This study was carried out to assess the leaves and fruits of Grewia mollis, Grewia tenax and Grewia villosa for their potentials to produce high nutritive value fodder under semi-arid conditions. The experiment was conducted at the farm of the College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Juba-Khartoum-Sudan. Randomized Complete Block design with three replications was used. Proximate analysis was carried to estimate nutritive value, and mineral contents of leaves, seeds and fruit pulp of the three species. Results indicated significant difference （P ≤ 0.05） in nutritive value of the leaves among the three species; dry matter, ash, and acid detergent factor （ADF） kg/ha, while no significant difference was observed among the species in crude protein （CP） and nutrient detergent factor （NDF） kg/ha. Mineral contents of the leaves of the three species showed variations among the species and seasons. Seeds and fruit pulp were found to have considerable levels of nutrients and mineral contents. The nutritive value of the three species was higher in the rainy season compared to the dry season. The results of this study indicate that the three species can be introduced as a source of fodder in animal production farms and silvopastural systems.

摘要：Human life intimately depends on plants for food,biomaterials,health,energy,and a sustainable *** plants have been genetically improved mostly through breeding,along with limited modification via genetic engineering,yet they are still not able to meet the ever-increasing needs,in terms of both quantity and quality,resulting from the rapid increase in world population and expected standards of living.A step change that may address these challenges would be to expand the potential of plants using biosystems design *** represents a shift in plant science research from relatively simple trial-and-error approaches to innovative strategies based on predictive models of biological *** biosystems design seeks to accelerate plant genetic improvement using genome editing and genetic circuit engineering or create novel plant systems through de novo synthesis of plant *** this perspective,we present a comprehensive roadmap of plant biosystems design covering theories,principles,and technical methods,along with potential applications in basic and applied plant biology *** highlight current challenges,future opportunities,and research priorities,along with a framework for international collaboration,towards rapid advancement of this emerging interdisciplinary area of ***,we discuss the importance of social responsibility in utilizing plant biosystems design and suggest strategies for improving public perception,trust,and acceptance.