摘要：This research was aimed at deriving average stress-average strain tension-stiffening relationships in accordance with the provisions of design codes for reinforced concrete （RC） members. Using a proposed inverse technique, the tension-stiffening relationships were derived from moment-curvature diagrams of RC beams calculated by different code methods, namely Eurocode 2, AC1318, and the Chinese standard GB 50010-2002. The derived tension-stiffening laws were applied in a numerical study using the nonlinear finite element software ATENA. The curvatures calculated by ATENA and the code methods were in good agreement.

摘要：In this review paper,the challenges and some recent developments of adhesive bonding technology in composite aircraft structures are *** durability of bonded joints is defined and presented for parameters that may influence bonding *** is also,a numerical design approach for composite joining profiles used to realize adhesive *** is shown that environmental ageing and pre-bond contamination of bonding surfaces may degrade significantly fracture toughness of bonded ***,it is obvious that additional research is needed in order to design joining profiles that will enable load transfer through shearing of the *** findings,together with the limited capabilities of existing non-destructive testing techniques,can partially explain the confined use of adhesive bonding in primary composite aircraft structural parts.

摘要：In order to ensure that a structure does not collapse when subjected to the action of strong ground motions, modern codes include prescriptions in order to guarantee the ductile behavior of the elements and of the whole structure. Obviously, it would be of special importance for the designer to know during the design process the extent of damage that the structure will suffer under the seismic action specified by the design spectrum and also the probability of occurrence of different states of behavior. The incremental nonlinear static analysis procedure used in this paper allows formulating a new, simplified, seismic damage index and damage thresholds associated with five limit states. The seismic behavior of a set of regular reinforced concrete buildings designed according to the EC-2/EC-8 prescriptions for a high seismic hazard level is then studied using the proposed damage index and damage states. Fragility curves and damage probability matrices corresponding to the performance point are calculated for the studied buildings. The obtained results show that the collapse damage state is not reached in the buildings designed according to the prescriptions of EC-2/EC-8 and also that the damage does not exceed the irreparable damage limit state.