摘要：荷兰马肯湖-瓦登海项目实现了传统智慧与前沿技术之间的平衡。一方面,基于圩田模式这一荷兰传统的共识式决策模式,多个公共和私营部门联合制定出了马肯湖-瓦登海项目计划;另一方面,该项目在设计思想及技术方面进行了大胆探索,并利用创新技术和自然进程建造出了新的自然。马肯湖-瓦登海项目在这个气候急剧变化的时代具有重要意义,其湿地设计与建造将有助于可持续水资源管理,改善当地生态系统,并增强处于暴雨和洪水威胁中的河流三角洲地区的韧性。

摘要：Environmental design is concerned with the function of people within an environment and their interactions. Subway stations spaces are important examples of public spaces that are in close connection with the social life of people. Also, the fact that the social interactions and relations between people and city environments are becoming indispensable for subway station space indicates that these spaces play an essential role in urban life. This paper addresses the result of a study conducted by the authors on the influential elements pivotal to the improvement of social interactions in subway stations. The theory of John Lang in Urban design with consideration of social interaction was considered in this study. The objective of the study was to identify the architectural requirements in improving social interaction between people and environment in subway station spaces according to an evidence based design approach. To do so, relevant literature in different disciplines, architecture, urban design, social sustainability and so on, were reviewed. Next, the most important environmental factors which contribute to human behavior in public spaces were derived and analyzed. Data of the study were collected via questionnaires filled out by the users of Tehran"s subway stations. The collected data were analyzed and the architectural elements/requirements for improving social interactions were classified. The results of the study indicate that in the case of architectural requirements, contribution to the improvement of social interactions, design considerations for physical and mental safety, accessibility and lighting are the most important factors.

摘要：The article deals with the built experience by the CESP (S?o Paulo"s Electricity Company) in Urubupungá Complex, during 1950s and 1960s, with concomitant construction of urban centers—-an provisional in Jupiá and another permanent in Ilha Solteira—-with accommodation for singles, working villages and residences for technicians and engineers. The city of Ilha Solteira implanted permanently was an intermediate form of organization between the camp of Jupiá and the structure of a city, with a slightly more open community in which the citizens were still quite protected by the company. This study aims to describe the planning and the process of opening the core of Ilha Solteira, through non participant observation field work and research literature on the topic of its conversion into town and the attempt to create a pole of development for the region through their characteristic urban design plan: linear city and radio concentric city. However, the transformation of Ilha Solteira on a city in the early 1980s happened in the crisis of developmentalism and authoritarianism, in a time when the CESP no longer wished to transform Ilha Solteira in pole of regional development, but in a city able to stand alone, because their maintenance costs become prohibitive.