摘要：The visualization of the surface of biological samples using an atomic force microscope reveals features of the external relief and can resolve very fine and detailed features of the *** examined specimens from the skin of the amphibians Salamandra salamandra Linnaeus,1758,Lyciasalamandra luschani basoglui Baran&Atatür,1980 and Mesotriton alpestris Laurenti,1768,and from the surface of pollen grains of the plant species Cyclamen graecum Link,1835 and Cistus salviifolius Linnaeus,1753,which exhibit certain interesting features,imaged at the nanoscale *** is likely that the relief influences the attributes of the interfaces between the tissues and the *** found that the microsculpture increases in size the surface of the examined tissues and this might be particularly important for their performance in the *** of amphibians’skin may affect water regulation,dehydration and rehydration,and cutaneous gas *** grain relief might affect the firmness of the contact between pollen surface and water *** resolution imaging of the external relief showed that roughening might induce wetting and influence the water status of the *** addition,roughness affects the radius of water droplets retained in between the projections of the external *** of the tissues was highly correlated with their vertical distance,whereas surface distances were highly correlated with horizontal *** enabling a more detailed characterization of the external sculptures,through sophisticated techniques,a more comprehensive examination of the samples indicates similarities among different living tissues,originated from different kingdoms,which can be attributed to environmental conditions and physiological circumstances.

摘要：一直以来认为广布欧洲大陆和亚洲大陆的大杜鹃 ,其鸣声在地区之间无差异 ,而分布在亚洲的大杜鹃的鸣声至今未有系统的研究报道。本文以分布在中国北部的大杜鹃指名亚种和新疆亚种的广告鸣叫为主要研究对象 ,将其与在四川和云南省分布的大杜鹃华西亚种以及分布在朝鲜、日本、俄罗斯和英格兰的大杜鹃指名亚种的广告鸣叫进行了初步比较。在中国分布的大杜鹃有五种鸣叫类型。中国所有采集地大杜鹃的广告鸣叫都由两个音节组成 ,并且与英国分布种群的广告鸣叫很相似。

摘要：In the intricate skeletal muscle tissue,the symbiotic relationship between myotubes and their supporting vasculature is pivotal in delivering essential oxygen and *** study explored the complex interplay between skeletal muscle and endothelial cells in the vascularization ofmuscle *** harnessing the capabilities of three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting and modeling,we developed a novel approach involving the co-construction of endothelial and muscle cells,followed by their subsequent *** findings highlight the importance of the interaction dynamics between these two cell ***,introducing endothelial cells during the advanced phases of muscle differentiation enhanced myotube ***,it stimulated the development of the vascular network,paving the way for the early stages of vascularized skeletal muscle *** methodology proposed in this study indicates the potential for constructing large-scale,physiologically aligned skeletal ***,it highlights the need for exploring the delicate equilibrium and mutual interactions between muscle and endothelial *** on the multicell-type interaction model,we can predict promising pathways for constructing even more intricate tissues or organs.

摘要：Nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） is one of the highly prevalent malignancies in Southeast Asia. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are commonly administrated to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but these therapies can not prevent the recurrence and metastasis of tumor cells. Furthermore, these therapies have severe side effects. Therefore, it is important to find a more effective therapy, e. g., a gene therapy for treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cecropin AD （Cad） is a hybrid peptide that exhibits higher antibacterial activity than natural cecropin. It consists of 1-11 amino acid residues in the N-end of cecropin A and 12-37 amino acid residues in the c-end of cecropin D. The role of Cad in the malignant cells remains unclear. In this study, the Cad gene was cloned and transferred into NPC CNE2 cells and its pro-apoptotic effect were investigated.

摘要：The zebra mussel is an important aquatic pest that causes great damage to freshwater-dependent industries, due to biofouling. The main goal of the project discussed here is to develop improved solutions to control this species. Three approaches have been explored in an attempt to design innovative application strategies for existing biocides： （i） encapsulation of toxins; （ii） combination of toxins; （iii） investigation of the seasonal variation of the species＇ tolerance to toxins. In this paper, the principles behind these approaches and the major results on each topic are presented. The benefits of adopting a chemical product engineering approach in conducting this project are also discussed.

摘要：【目的】印度次大陆是世界上最脆弱的地理景观。气候条件的略微变动可能对其季节周期可能产生不良影响,并引起农业生态系统中蚜虫的大暴发。七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata L.和狭臀瓢虫*** Fab.是该次大陆上广泛分布、同域发生的两种食蚜性瓢虫。【方法】设计异地试验,来探究同种和/或异种组合时的这两种瓢虫用共同的猎物资源(豌豆蚜)饲养时,对增加的温度(15,20,25,30和35℃)和光周期(8L∶16D,12L∶12D和16L∶8D)的响应。【结果】结果表明,在这5个不同温度和3个不同光周期条件下,同种或异种组合时这两种瓢虫表现出了拮抗作用。尽管表现出拮抗作用,但是同种或异种组合的两捕食动物在25℃和长光周期(16L∶8D)条件下消耗、转化和利用的猎物生物量最大。然而,它们的猎物消耗率、转化效率和生长速率在异种组合中最高。在5个不同温度下,4龄幼虫均更有效地利用猎物生物量,将其转变成自身生物量,而雌成虫在3个不同光周期条件下也是如此。【结论】因此可以推断,增加的温度和光周期条件可能不会阻止同种和异种组合中的瓢虫发生拮抗作用,但是在25℃和长光周期(16L∶8D)条件下,相互作用的瓢虫的猎物消耗量和利用率为最佳。

摘要：Ambient air pollution in China has worsened following dramatic increases in industrialization, automobile use and energy consumption. Particularly bothersome is the increase in the PM2.5 fraction of pollutants. This fraction has been associated with increasing rates of cardio-respiratory disease in China and elsewhere. Ambient pollutant levels have been described in many of China＇s cities and are comparable to previous levels in southern California. Lung cancer mortality in China has increased since the 1970s and has been higher in men and in urban areas, the exact explanation for which has not been determined. The estimation of individual risk for Chinese citizens living in areas of air pollution will require further research. Occupational cohort and casecontrol designs each have unique attributes that could make them helpful to use in this setting. Other important future research considerations include detailed exposure assessment and the possible use of biomarkers as a means to better understand and manage the threat posed by air pollution in China.

摘要：本文的意图是让研究者审视研究方法,并在研究设计中充分使用假说检验,并在选择模式物种时充分理解其自然史。我们的总前提是,按照"强推论"(指假定拒绝某一假说而不是支持某一偏爱假说)的逻辑,科学能够进展得更快、更可观、更有确定性。我们强调并提供了符合逻辑的一系列步骤,即确定科学问题或确定具有未知生物学意义的问题;列出所有可靠的、能解释所观察现象的假说,每个假说列出其可检验的、可证明其无根据的预测;然后是符合预测检验的实验或研究设计。我们也强调,模式物种对于解决科学的理论问题以及得出推论是很重要的。本文所展示的不是新思想,只是提醒研究者要注意遵循的基本研究途径。

摘要：背景:全世界有数以百万计的人饮用砷污染的地下水,而目前尚未有缓解慢性砷中毒症状的有效制剂。文献报道白砷剂LM0/3作为一种顺势疗法强化制剂,对于砷中毒症状有一定的治疗作用。目的:本研究旨在验证白砷剂LM0/3对由于生活环境所致而长期饮用砷污染水的人群的慢性砷中毒症状的缓解作用。设计、场所、对象和干预措施:本研究为双盲安慰剂对照研究,参加本研究的28名志愿者来自印度西孟加拉邦纳迪亚区一村落,该村无不含砷的饮用水可用,水井中的含砷量为55～95μg/mL。受试者分别服用药物或安慰剂,在参加试验前及2个月后试验结束时提供血、尿样本。另有18名来自无砷污染饮用水村的志愿者提供血、尿样本作为阴性对照。主要结局指标:测量受试者血、尿样本中的砷含量,各类中毒生物标记物及病理生理指标。结果:28名受试者中,14名愿意提供血、尿样本,其余14名退出试验。受试者的血、尿样本检测出砷的浓度升高,碱性磷酸酶及酸性磷酸酶水平升高,脂质过氧化反应及谷胱甘肽活性升高,血糖、三酰甘油、总胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高,天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶及丙氨酸氨基转移酶水平、γ谷氨酰转移酶及葡萄糖6磷酸脱氢酶含量降低,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平及红细胞压积降低。2个月后,用药组的上述指标均有所改善,基质金属蛋白酶活性较安慰剂组有所降低。结论:在尚未有更好的医疗条件和治疗手段的情况下,使用白砷剂LM0/3在饮用水受砷污染地区作为暂时的治疗手段以缓解生活在这些地区的人们的慢性砷中毒症状有一定的可行性。

摘要：Dear Editor,Myocardial infarction(MI)is the irreversible cardiomyocyte death resulting from prolonged oxygen deprivation due to obstructed blood supply(ischemia),leading to contractile dysfunction and cardiac *** recent decades,stem cell transplantation has been extensively investigated for the repair of injured heart in animal studies and clinical trials(Kanelidis et al.,2017;Gyongyosi et al.,2018).