摘要：With the development and implementation of performance-based earthquake engineering,harmonization of performance levels between structural and nonstructural components becomes vital. Even if the structural components of a building achieve a continuous or immediate occupancy performance level after a seismic event,failure of architectural,mechanical or electrical components can lower the performance level of the entire building system. This reduction in performance caused by the vulnerability of nonstructural components has been observed during recent earthquakes worldwide. Moreover,nonstructural damage has limited the functionality of critical facilities,such as hospitals,following major seismic events. The investment in nonstructural components and building contents is far greater than that of structural components and framing. Therefore,it is not surprising that in many past earthquakes,losses from damage to nonstructural components have exceeded losses from structural damage. Furthermore,the failure of nonstructural components can become a safety hazard or can hamper the safe movement of occupants evacuating buildings,or of rescue workers entering buildings. In comparison to structural components and systems,there is relatively limited information on the seismic design of nonstructural components. Basic research work in this area has been sparse,and the available codes and guidelines are usually,for the most part,based on past experiences,engineering judgment and intuition,rather than on objective experimental and analytical results. Often,design engineers are forced to start almost from square one after each earthquake event: to observe what went wrong and to try to prevent repetitions. This is a consequence of the empirical nature of current seismic regulations and guidelines for nonstructural components. This review paper summarizes current knowledge on the seismic design and analysis of nonstructural building components,identifying major knowledge gaps that w

摘要：One of the founders of structural control theory and its application in civil engineering, Professor Emeritus Tsu T. Soong, envisioned the development of the integral design of structures protected by active control devices. Most of his disciples and colleagues continuously attempted to develop procedures to achieve such integral control. In his recent papers published jointly with some of the authors of this paper, Professor Soong developed design procedures for the entire structure using a design - redesign procedure applied to elastic systems. Such a procedure was developed as an extension of other work by his disciples. This paper summarizes some recent techniques that use traditional active control algorithms to derive the most suitable （optimal, stable） control force, which could then be implemented with a combination of active, passive and semi-active devices through a simple match or more sophisticated optimal procedures. Alternative design can address the behavior of structures using Liapunov stability criteria. This paper shows a unified procedure which can be applied to both elastic and inelastic structures. Although the implementation does not always preserve the optimal criteria, it is shown that the solutions are effective and practical for design of supplemental damping, stiffness enhancement or softening, and strengthening or weakening.

摘要：In 2007,over 24 million tons of Construction and Demolition(C&D) wastes were generated in Hong *** the local landfills will be saturated in about 6 years,it is important to find a viable way to reuse these waste materials as to alleviate the demand on public fill *** order to tackle the problem,the Hong Kong government has set up a temporary recycling facility in Hong Kong in 2002 for producing different sizes of recycled aggregate for use in various construction *** Hong Kong Polytechnic University has been studying the feasible use of recycled aggregates in Hong Kong for a number of years.A substantial amount of experimental results on the properties of recycled aggregates and the effect of recycled aggregates on the properties of concrete and other construction products(*** blocks and granular sub-base) has been *** this paper,the experience of Hong Kong in using recycled aggregates are summarized and a set of quality control guidelines proposed for governing the use of recycled aggregates in Hong Kong is *** experience and guidelines may also be useful for the recycling of waste materials derived from the recent Sichuan earthquake in China.

摘要：Long-span roof with span larger than height always has a complicated three-dimensional curve. Wind pressure on the roof is often influenced not only by the atmospheric turbulence, but also by the “signature” turbulence provoked in the wind by the structure itself. So it is necessary to study characteristics of flows around the roof. In this paper, three-dimensional numerical simulation of wind-induced pressure has been periormed on a long-span flat roof by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） software ——FLUENT. The flow characteristics are studied by considering some parameters, such as wind direction, span-height ratio, roof pitch, flow characteristics, roughness of terrain. The simulation is based upon the Reynolds-averaged equations, in which Reynolds stress equation model （RSM） and SIMPLE technology, （Semi-Implieit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations） have been used. Compared with wind tunnel tests, the computational results have good agreement with the experimental data. It is proved that the results are creditable and the method is feasible.

摘要：Following several damaging earthquakes in China, research has been devoted to find the causes of the collapse of reinforced concrete （RC） building sand studying the vulnerability of existing buildings. The Chinese Code for Seismic Design of Buildings （CCSDB） has evolved over time, however, there is still reported earthquake induced damage of newly designed RC buildings. Thus, to investigate modern Chinese seismic design code, three low-, mid- and high-rise RC frames were designed according to the 2010 CCSDB and the corresponding vulnerability curves were derived by computing a probabilistic seismic demand model （PSDM）.The PSDM was computed by carrying out nonlinear time history analysis using thirty ground motions obtained from the Pacific Earthquake engineering Research Center. Finally, the PSDM was used to generate fragility curves for immediate occupancy, significant damage, and collapse prevention damage levels. Results of the vulnerability assessment indicate that the seismic demands on the three different frames designed according to the 2010 CCSDB meet the seismic requirements and are almost in the same safety level.

摘要：Integral abutment bridges(IABs)minimize deterioration and degradation of the abutment seats and bearings due to water,dirt,and deicing chemicals by eliminating bearings and expansion *** the continuity between superstructure and abutments in an IAB is beneficial for reducing maintenance costs,it leads to more complex behavior under strength and service loading(temperature and traffic)and extreme loading(earthquake).The coupling of superstructure and substructure behavior necessitates system-level analysis of *** seismic IAB studies have typically investigated the behavior of individual IAB components,however a gap of knowledge has developed due to the lack of studies and investigation about the behavior of all IAB components and their interactions with each other in a single analysis *** study uses nonlinear static and dynamic analyses to investigate and assess the seismic behavior of IABs typical to the state of *** analyses aim to bridge the gap of knowledge by evaluating IABs as a whole and utilizing the results to indicate potential vulnerabilities in the design and construction of IABs in Illinois during design-level and larger seismic events,which could not be identified by component-level IAB analyses alone.

摘要：In order to achieve holistic urban plans incorporating transport infrastructure,public space and the behavior of people in these spaces,integration of urban design and computer modeling is a promising way to provide both qualitative and quantitative support to *** paper describes a systematic literature review following a four-part ***,to understand the relationship of elements of transport,spaces,and humans,w e review policy and urban design strategies for promoting positive ***,we present an overview of the integration methods and strategies used in urban design and policy ***,metrics and approaches for evaluating the effectiveness of integrated plan alternatives are ***,this paper gives a review of state-of-the-art tools with a focus on seven com puter simulation *** article explores mechanisms underlying the complex system of transport,spaces,and humans from a multidisciplinary perspective to provide an integrated toolkit for designers,planners,modelers and decision-m akers with the current methods and their challenges.

摘要：在LabVIEW平台上开发的活性污泥法污水处理虚拟设备 ,以反应动力学为基础构造基本模块 ,通过连线来组合或改变工艺流程。虚拟设备采用循环结构 ,迭代运行 ,能解决具有交互作用的多控制底物问题。虚拟设备的控制界面模拟传统的控制仪表 ,仿真运行 ,其工艺、环境和设备参数可直接选择 ,以“所见即所得”的可视技术获得动态的结果 ,节约了试验研究的时间和经费 ,提高了设计的可靠性 ,也能在已建成的水处理设施上进行控制和预报。

摘要：为提高抛物线形断面的水力特性,增加输水能力,该文提出了一种二分之五次(以下简称2.5次)方抛物线形渠道断面,推导其水力断面特性。将湿周用高斯超几何函数表示后,将水力最优断面的最优化模型转换为关于宽深比的一元方程,得到2.5次方抛物线形渠道水力最优断面的解析解,其最优宽深比为2.088 3。比较结果表明,2.5次方抛物线形断面较常规抛物线形断面具有更好的水力学特性。与平方、半立方抛物线形断面比较,在相同水深条件下,2.5次方抛物线形水力最优断面的过流能力更大。相反,在相同流量下,2.5次方抛物线形水力最优断面的过流面积、湿周、水深更小。2.5次方抛物线形水力最优断面的建造成本与其他2种断面相比是最小的。进一步地,为便于工程应用,基于高斯勒让德算法,提出2.5次方抛物线形断面的三点和四点格式近似湿周算法。结果表明,四点格式近似算法具有较高精度。研究可为明渠设计提供理论依据。

摘要：临时结构房屋的抗震性能次于永久结构房屋。桩基支撑的塔式起重机是一种临时结构,常被应用于建造高层建筑。安装在高处的塔式起重机,因其是高柔结构,在强地震动的作用下很可能会产生剧烈震荡。桩基结构的地震响应特性受周围的地基和基础类型的影响也较大。在当前日本的设计规范中,地震荷载仅仅被定义为20%的起重机结构重量,都没有充分考虑待结构的动态不稳定性和周围的地基类型。为探究塔式起重机在软粘土桩基中的抗震特性,开展了一系列的离心振动台试验。为起重机吊臂制定了2种不同的荷载条件来准确地模拟实际情况。根据测试结果,对塔式起重机的动力响应行为和影响的因素进行了讨论,得到如下结论:起重机臂架的荷载条件对桩的损伤程度有显著影响,并可以导致塔式起重机不同的破坏模式。