摘要：The expression of human α-1,2-fucosyltransferase (HT) or complement regulatory proteins has been proved as an strategy to overcome hypercute rejection in discordant xenogeneic organ transplantation. In this study, we examined whether peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from polytransgenic mice expressing the human HT, and complement regulatory proteins (DAF and CD59), can provide more effective protection against xenograft rejection. Transgenic mice were produced by co-injection of gene constructs for human HT, DAF and/or CD59. Flow Cytometry (FCM) was used to screen the positive transgenic mice. PBMCs from transgenic mice were incubated with 15% human serum to evaluate natural antibody binding, complement activation and expression of adhesion molecules. Three transgenes were strongly expressed in PBMCs of transgenic mice, and HT expression signifi- cantly reduced expression of the major xenoepitope galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal). Functional studies with PBMCs showed that co-expression of HT and DAF or CD59 markedly increased their re- sistance to human serum-mediated cytolysis when compared with single transgenic PBMCs. Moreover, the combined expression of triple transgenes in PBMCs led to the greatest protection against human serum-mediated cytolysis, avoided hyperacute rejection and reduced expression of adhesion mole- cules. Strong co-expression of triple transgenes was completely protected from xenograft hyperacute rejection and partially inhibited acute vascular rejection. The studies suggest that engineering mice to express triple molecules represents an critical step toward prolonging xenograft survival and might be more suitable for xenotransplantation.

摘要：The ability to design and synthesize the genome of a living organism marks one of the most significant achievements in synthetic biology. The first synthetic genomes were those of bacteria （Gibson et al., 2010; Hutchison et al., 2016）, but an international consortium of scientists is now undertaking the ambitious task of designing and synthesizing the entire genome of Saccharornayces cerevisiae, a eukaryotic single-celled yeast （Dymond et al., 2011; Kannan and Gibson, 2017）. One feature of the redesigned yeast genome, called Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2.0 or Sc2.0, is the ability to in-duce novel genetic variation.

摘要：Animal models are increasingly gaining values by cross-comparisons of response or resistance to clinical agents used for ***,many disease mechanisms and drug effects generated from animal models are not transferable to *** address these issues,we developed SysFinder（http：//***/SysFinder）,a platform for scientists to find appropriate animal models for translational *** offers a ＂topic-centered＂ approach for systematic comparisons of human genes,whose functions are involved in a specific scientific topic,to the corresponding homologous genes of animal *** topic can be a certain disease,drug,gene function or biological *** calculates multi-level similarity indexes to evaluate the similarities between human and animal models in specified scientific ***,SysFinder offers species-specific information to investigate the differences in molecular mechanisms between humans and animal ***,SysFinder provides a userfriendly platform for determination of short guide RNAs（sgRNAs） and homology arms to design a new animal *** studies illustrate the ability of SysFinder in helping experimental *** is a useful platform for experimental scientists to carry out their research in the human molecular mechanisms.

摘要：Global demand for food and bioenergy production has increased rapidly,while the area of arable land has been declining for decades due to damage caused by erosion,pollution,sea level rise,urban development,soil salinization,and water scarcity driven by global climate *** order to overcome this conflict,there is an urgent need to adapt conventional agriculture to water-limited and hotter conditions with plant crop systems that display higher water-use efficiency(WUE).Crassulacean acid metabolism(CAM)species have substantially higher WUE than species performing C3 or C4 *** plants are derived from C3 photosynthesis ***,it is extremely unlikely that the C3 or C4 crop plants would evolve rapidly into CAM photosynthesis without human ***,there is growing interest in improving WUE through transferring CAM into C3 ***,engineering a major metabolic plant pathway,like CAM,is challenging and requires a comprehensive deep understanding of the enzymatic reactions and regulatory networks in both C3 and CAM photosynthesis,as well as overcoming physiometabolic limitations such as diurnal stomatal *** advances in CAM evolutionary genomics research,genome editing,and synthetic biology have increased the likelihood of successful acceleration of C3-to-CAM ***,we first summarize the systems biology-level understanding of the molecular processes in the CAM ***,we review the principles of CAM engineering in an evolutionary ***,we discuss the technical approaches to accelerate the C3-to-CAM transition in plants using synthetic biology toolboxes.

摘要：TAL （transcription activator-like） effectors from Xanthomonas bacteria activate the cognate host genes, leading to disease susceptibility or resistance dependent on the genetic context of host target genes. The modular nature and DNA recognition code of TAL effectors enable custom-engineering of designer TAL effectors （dTALE） for gene activation. However, the feasibility of dTALEs as transcription activators for gene functional analysis has not been demonstrated. Here, we report the use of dTALEs, as expressed and delivered by the pathogenic Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae （Xoo）, in revealing the new function of two previously identified disease-related genes and the potential of one developmental gene for disease susceptibility in rice/Xoo interactions. The dTALE gene dTALE-xa27, designed to target the susceptible allele of the resistance gene Xa27, elicited a resistant reaction in the otherwise susceptible rice cultivar IR24. Four dTALE genes were made to induce the four annotated Xa27 homologous genes in rice cultivar Nipponbare, but none of the four induced Xa27-1ike genes conferred resistance to the dTALE-containing Xoo strains. A dTALE gene was also generated to activate the recessive resistance gene xa13, an allele of the disease-susceptibility gene Os8N3 （also named Xa13 or OsSWEETll, a member of sucrose efflux transporter SWEET gene family）. The induction of xa13 by the dTALE rendered the resistant rice IRBB13 （xa13/xa13） susceptible to Xoo. Finally, OsSWEET12, an as-yet uncharacterized SWEET gene with no corresponding naturally occurring TAL effector identified, conferred susceptibility to the Xoo strains expressing the corresponding dTALE genes. Our results demonstrate that dTALEs can be delivered through the bacterial secretion system to activate genes of interest for functional analysis in plants.

摘要：Aims Intensive land management practices can compromise soil biodiversity,thus jeopardizing long-term soil *** mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)play a pivotal role in promoting soil productivity through obligate symbiotic associations with ***,it is not clear how properties of plant communities,especially species richness and composition influence the viability of AMF populations in *** Here we test whether monocultures of eight plant species from different plant functional groups,or a diverse mixture of plant species,maintain more viable AMF *** address this question,we extracted AMF spores from 12-year old plant monocultures and mixtures and paired single AMF spores with single plants in a factorial design crossing AMF spore origin with plant species *** Findings AMF spores from diverse plant mixtures were more successful at colonizing multiple plant species and plant individuals than AMF spores from plant ***,we found evidence that AMF spores originating from diverse mixtures more strongly increased biomass than AMF from monocultures in the legume Trifolium repens *** viability and ability to interact with many plant species were greater when AMF spores originated from 12-year old mixtures than *** results show for the first time that diverse plant communities can sustain AMF viability in soils and demonstrate the potential of diverse plant communities to maintain viable AMF propagules that are a key component to soil health and productivity.

摘要：Chemodynamic therapy(CDT)is an emerging and promising strategy based on the Fenton or Fenton-like reaction in tumors[1–3].The tumor microenvironment(TME)has the characteristics of low acidity and overexpression of H2O2[4,5],thus providing favorable conditions for initiating the Fenton or Fenton-like *** CDT,intratumoral H2O2 is decomposed into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals(·OH)through the Fenton or Fenton-like reaction catalyzed by a metal-based nanocatalyst,which will cause irreversible damage to DNA,lipids,and proteins[6,7].

摘要：A grand challenge facing society is climate change caused mainly by rising CO_(2) concentration in Earth’s *** plants are linchpins in global carbon cycling,with a unique capability of capturing CO_(2) via photosynthesis and translocating captured carbon to stems,roots,and soils for long-term ***,many researchers postulate that existing land plants cannot meet the ambitious requirement for CO_(2) removal to mitigate climate change in the future due to low photosynthetic efficiency,limited carbon allocation for long-term storage,and low suitability for the *** address these limitations,there is an urgent need for genetic improvement of existing plants or construction of novel plant systems through biosystems design(or biodesign).Here,we summarize validated biological parts(e.g.,protein-encoding genes and noncoding RNAs)for biological engineering of carbon dioxide removal(CDR)traits in terrestrial plants to accelerate land-based decarbonization in bioenergy plantations and agricultural settings and promote a vibrant ***,we first summarize the framework of plant-based CDR(e.g.,CO_(2) capture,translocation,storage,and conversion to value-added products).Then,we highlight some representative biological parts,with experimental evidence,in this ***,we discuss challenges and strategies for the identification and curation of biological parts for CDR engineering in plants.

摘要：As we navigate the transition from the Fourth to the Fifth Industrial Revolution,the emerging fields of biomanufacturing and biofabrication are transforming life sciences and *** sectors are benefiting from a synergy of synthetic and engineering biology,sustainable manufacturing,and integrated design *** techniques such as 3D bioprinting,tissue engineering,directed assembly,and self-assembly are instrumental in creating biomimetic scaffolds,tissues,organoids,medical devices,and biohybrid *** field of biofabrication in the United Kingdom and Ireland is emerging as a pivotal force in bioscience and healthcare,propelled by cutting-edge research and *** on the production of biologically functional products for use in drug delivery,in vitro models,and tissue engineering,research institutions across these regions are dedicated to innovating healthcare solutions that adhere to ethical standards while prioritising sustainability,affordability,and healthcare system benefits.

摘要：Human life intimately depends on plants for food,biomaterials,health,energy,and a sustainable *** plants have been genetically improved mostly through breeding,along with limited modification via genetic engineering,yet they are still not able to meet the ever-increasing needs,in terms of both quantity and quality,resulting from the rapid increase in world population and expected standards of living.A step change that may address these challenges would be to expand the potential of plants using biosystems design *** represents a shift in plant science research from relatively simple trial-and-error approaches to innovative strategies based on predictive models of biological *** biosystems design seeks to accelerate plant genetic improvement using genome editing and genetic circuit engineering or create novel plant systems through de novo synthesis of plant *** this perspective,we present a comprehensive roadmap of plant biosystems design covering theories,principles,and technical methods,along with potential applications in basic and applied plant biology *** highlight current challenges,future opportunities,and research priorities,along with a framework for international collaboration,towards rapid advancement of this emerging interdisciplinary area of ***,we discuss the importance of social responsibility in utilizing plant biosystems design and suggest strategies for improving public perception,trust,and acceptance.