摘要：Lactic acidosis is a rare complication of malignancies and is seen more frequently in high grade lymphoma and leukemia. Although, its pathogenesis is not well understood, it remains a surrogate of poor prognosis. Herein, we present a case of Burkitt-like lymphoma presenting with metabolic abnormalities including lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia along with atrial tachycardia. We will discuss the different mechanisms involved in these metabolic disturbances and we will provide insight on novel therapeutic strategies based on our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology.

摘要：微生物电合成(microbial electrosynthesis,MES)利用可再生电力驱动微生物固定CO_(2)合成化学品,在推进碳循环经济中具有一定潜力,受到广泛关注。但是,很少有研究通过高效反应器设计来促进产乙酸并降低能耗。本研究中,新型流动电极MES反应器的总产乙酸速率[(16±1)g·m^(-2)·d^(-1)]比无粉末活性炭(powder activated carbon,PAC)对照[(8±3)g·m^(-2)·d^(-1)]高两倍。流动电极MES反应器的库伦效率为43.5%±3.1%,能量消耗为(0.020±0.005)k Wh·g^(-1),产乙酸的能量效率为18.7%±1.3%。基于PAC的流动电极能够降低水跨膜通量、传质阻力,但是对装置电压、流变行为、乙酸吸附的影响较小。流动电极MES反应器中,能量代谢相关基因高表达,Acetobacterium的丰度增加。MES反应器中同时存在用于碳固定的还原性乙酰辅酶A途径(Wood–Ljungdahl pathway,WLP)与还原性三羧酸循环途径(reductive citric acid cycle,r TCA)。堆叠型流动电极MES中的乙酸浓度达7.0 g·L^(-1)。本研究提供一种构建可扩展MES反应器的新方法,促进CO_(2)利用以及产物生成。

摘要：·AIM:To investigate the independent pathogenic role of high serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels, sociodemographic data, dietary and environmental risk factors for visual disability (VD). ·METHODS:This was a case-control study, run in 200 black Congolese patients managed in Saint Joseph Hospital Ophthalmology division from Kinshasa town. Logistic regression model was used to identify determinants of VD (n = 58) among sex, age, cigarette smoking, alcohol abuse, rural-urban migration, education levels, aging ≥60 years, intake of red Beans, Safou fruit and Taro leaves, lipid profile, residence, socioeconomic status, and GGT. ·RESULTS:After adjusting for confounding factors, we identified migration (OR=3.7 95% CI:1.2-11.3; P =0.023), low education level (OR=3.1 95% CI 1.1-8.5; P =0.026), no intake of Safou fruit (OR=34.2 95% CI 11.5-102; P < 0.0001), age ≥60 years (OR=2.5 95% CI 1.01-6.5; P = 0.049), and serum GGT ≥10U/L (OR=3.6 95% CI 1.3-9.6; P = 0.012) as the significant and independent determinants of VD. ·CONCLUSION:VD appears as a major public health problem in Central Africa to be prevented or delayed by control of migration, lifestyle changes, antioxidant supplements, appropriate diet, nutrition education, and blocking of oxidative stress.

摘要：一般情况下,每年冬季是季节性流感高发季节,但在当前2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行期间,全球季节性流感活动呈“断崖式”下降。为应对即将到来的流感季节,亟需弄清这种前所未有的流感低水平流行的原因。本文中,我们探索了一种国家特异性推理模型,利用该模型估计中国、英国和美国这三个国家中佩戴口罩、人员流动变化(国际和国内)以及严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)干扰的影响。结果发现,在这些地区增加一周佩戴口罩的干预措施,流感活动可减少11.3%~35.2%。实施一周的限制人员流动措施对国际(1.7%~6.5%)和国内社区(1.6%~2.8%)的影响较小。2020年至2021年,仅佩戴口罩这一项干预措施就可使阳性率下降13.3%至19.8%。仅人员流动变化可使阳性率降低5.2%至14.0%,其中79.8%~98.2%归因于国际旅行限制。SARS-CoV-2干扰仅在2019年至2020年具有统计学显著效应。中国北方地区及英国的阳性百分比分别降低7.6%(2.4~14.4)和10.2%(7.2~13.6)。探索所得出的结果对了解非药物干预措施和其他呼吸系统疾病背景下的流感演变有一定意义,有助于制定卫生政策,并可为公共卫生措施的个性化设计提供信息。

摘要：The coronary artery calcification score and pericardial fat volume have recently been reported to be strongly associated with the severity and presence of coronary atherosclerosis. However, no studies have explored the outcome of phased progression of atherosclerosis by non-contrast computed tomography in asymptomatic people in China. The population-based cohort study in outcome of phased progression of atherosclerosis in China (PERSUADE), an observational, longitudinal and prospective cohort study in a target population of healthy subjects based in Jidong Oilfield (China), prospectively analyzes the outcome of phased progression of atherosclerosis by non-contrast computed tomography in healthy population. The results of this study are expected to be of value for utilizing noninvasive imaging combine with traditional cardiovascular risk factors to create a risk stratification and find pertinent biomarkers associated with the outcome of phased progression of atherosclerosis in healthy people, thereby could help to establish a more personalized treatment of clinical practice.

摘要：目的:通过开展胃肠道远端释放药物的研究,以增加对肠道健康和发病机制的理解。创新点:本研究选择了13C醋酸钠作为同位素探针,通过收集和分析呼吸中的13CO2来非侵入测量其在小肠吸收的情况。这将提供胃排空率的信息及释放和吸收位点的指标。方法:在一系列体外和体内的猪实验中,评估了EUDRAGITL100-55和DRcaps两种胶囊的肠溶保护特性。结论:包覆有EUDRAGITL100-55的DRcaps具有增强的肠溶保护性能,特别是在体内。本研究增加了对猪胃排空的了解,同时也开始设计用于递送酸度敏感大分子到小肠的简易且廉价的肠溶胶囊。

摘要：Background： Despite the rapid growth in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction （AMI） in China, there is limited information about patients＇ experiences after AMI hospitalization, especially on long-tern1 adverse events and patient-reported outcomes （PROs）. Methods： The China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events （PEACE）-Prospective AMI Study will enroll 4000 consecutive AM I patients from 53 diverse hospitals across China and follow them longitudinally for 12 months to docunlent their treatment, recovery, and outcomes. Details of patients＇ medical history, treatment, and in-hospital outcomes are abstracted from medical charts. Comprehensive baseline interviews are being conducted to characterize patient demographics, risk factors, presentation, and healthcare utilization. As part of these interviews, validated instruments are administered to measure PROs, including quality of life, symptoms, mood, cognition, and sexual activity. Follow-up interviews, measuring PROs, medication adherence, risk factor control, and collecting hospitalization events are conducted at 1, 6, and 12 months after discharge. Supporting documents for potential outcomes are collected for adjudication by clinicians at the National Coordinating Center. Blood and urine samples are also obtained at baseline, 1 - and 12-month follow-up. In addition, we are conducting a survey of participating hospitals to characterize their organizational characteristics. Conclusion： The China PEACE-Prospective AMI study will be uniquely positioned to generate new information regarding patient＇s experiences and outcomes alter AMI in China and seiwe as a foundation for quality improveinent activities.

摘要：采用定组设计,以14名洛杉矶加州大学–北京大学交换学生为受试者,建立基于气相色谱–质谱联用的尿液非靶向代谢组学方法,采用包括(正交)偏最小二乘回归判别分析在内的多种统计方法识别差异物质,并基于色谱–质谱信息进行结构鉴定。通过固定站点监测数据评价研究期间两地的大气污染物暴露,采用混合效应线性模型探索污染物与指征氧化损伤的生物标志物间的关联。结果表明,两地的暴露变化与人体能量代谢、氧化损伤、肠胃菌群、蛋白质与RNA代谢(可能涉及细胞凋亡)等通路变化之间可能存在关联,受试者尿液中的尿囊素、胱氨酸和假尿嘧啶水平在北京显著上升。当以尿囊素作为指征机体急性氧化损伤的标志物时,其变化与0～96小时的PM_(2.5)、0～24小时的CO、24～48小时的NO_2、48～72小时的O_3以及24～72小时的SO_2暴露有较强的相关性。结果表明北京与洛杉矶间大气污染物暴露的差异可能导致受试者体内氧化损伤负担发生变化,同时体内可能产生抗氧化损伤的生理活动,例如通过调动能量代谢通路抵御氧化还原失衡造成的氧化损伤负担。

摘要：背景：妇女应用雌孕激素联合替代治疗(combined estrogen and progestine hormone replacement therapy，CHRT)会增加乳腺癌的危险；然而，目前仍缺乏长期使用和不同治疗方案所致危险性的资料。目的：通过组织病理学类型及激素受体状况，评估CHRT应用时间及方式与乳腺癌的关系。设计：人群病例．对照研究。地点：华盛顿州西部三个县。参试者：自1997年4月1日至1999年5月31日，975例65～79岁诊断为侵袭性乳腺癌的妇女(组织学：196例小叶癌，656例导管癌，114例其他组织类型以及9例非特异组织学类型；雌激素受体(ER)／孕激素受体(PR)状况：646例ER+／PR+，147例ER+／PR-，101例ER-／PR-[6例ER-／PR+和75例ER／PR状况不明者未包括于本研究中]，1007例正常人作为对照。主要观察指标：发生侵袭性乳腺小叶癌、乳腺导管癌以及ER+／PR+、ER+／PR-和ER-／PR-乳腺癌的危险。结果：应用非对抗性雌激素替代治疗(estrogen replacement therapy，ERT)的妇女(仅用ERT者)，即使应用25年以上，乳腺癌发病危险无明显增加(尽管其相关优势比与可能存在微弱影响并非不一致)。曾经应用CHRT者(包括也使用过ERT的CHRT使用者)乳腺癌危险性增加1．7倍(95％可信区间[CI]，1．3～2．2)，其中包括侵袭性小叶癌危险性增加2．7倍(95％CI，1．7～4．3)，侵袭性导管癌增加1．5倍(95％CI，1．1～2．0)，ER+／PR+乳腺癌危险性增加2．0倍(95％CI，1．5～2．7)。危险性增加在较长期使用CHRT的妇女最为明显，应用CHRT在5～14．9年和≥15年者，侵袭性导管癌的危险性分别增加1．5倍(95％CI，1．0～2．3)和1．6倍(95％CI，1．0～2．6)，侵袭性小叶癌的危险性则分别增加了3．7倍(95％CI，2．0～6．6)和2．6倍(95％CI，1．3～5．3)。在按期使用和连续使用CHRT的妇女，相关程度大致相似。任何使用方式均不增加ER+／PR-和ER-／PR-肿瘤的危险性；然而，由于这些肿瘤患者的数量少，限制了我们发现可能联系的把握度。结论：研究资料提示，CHRT的使用，无论是按期或者持续使用孕激素，均与乳腺癌特别是侵袭性小叶癌危险性增加相关。

摘要：目的:在总结分析传统的血管解剖学研究技术基础上对全身性血管造影术进行重点探讨。方法:应用不同强度的明胶、不同的明胶-氧化铅配方及其多种不同组合方式的X线参数反复进行测试。结果:经测试,本实验得出明胶与氧化铅的最佳配方为:300Bloom的明胶5g,40℃温水100ml,氧化铅100g。灌注量为20～30ml/kg。结论:改良后的氧化铅—明胶灌注技术可提供高质量的血管显影效果,不失为研究皮动脉及设计穿支皮瓣的最好方法之一,而其他方法也能为血管解剖学提供补充信息。