摘要：电催化二氧化碳还原反应(CO_(2)RR)能够利用可再生电能将CO_(2)转化为高附加值化学品和燃料,是一项有望缓解当下环境挑战的技术方案.本文总结了CO_(2)RR稳足性下降的根本原因,并探讨了解决这一问题的有效策略以及最新的研究进展.首先,在外加电位的作用下,催化剂会发生结构转变,且碳沉积或气体杂质引起的催化剂中毒都会降低CO_(2)RR的稳定性.其次,气体扩散层(GDL)附近发生水淹和盐沉淀会阻碍反应物/生成物的传输,三相界面会受到破坏.在长时间服役时,液压和电流的作用会导致GDL开裂.在电解质方面,碱性电解质会与CO_(2)中和,形成碳酸盐沉淀;而酸性介质腐蚀催化剂,并伴随严重的析氢副反应.另外,电解质中的金属离子杂质的优先还原进一步加剧了稳定性的衰减.深入理解CO_(2)RR中各类失活现象对设计稳定、高效的CO_(2)电催化系统具有指导意义.针对CO_(2)RR稳定性研究目前所面临的困境,本文最后展望了该领域未来的研究方向.

摘要：Solar evaporation based on plasmonic metal nanoparticles(MNPs)is emerging as a promising ***,the fine structure of MNPs is unstable,and both the high temperature generated by intensive light and corrosive ions in water could damage *** performance will decline after recycling and long-time *** address these issues,we adopted a sponge-templating method for preparing sandwich-like nanoplates with the gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)confined in reduced graphene oxide(rGO)*** to the confinement effect,both the surface melting and ion diffusion were *** solar evaporator based on the sandwich-like nanoplates showed a high solar-vapor conversion efficiency of 85.2%under a high light intensity of 10 *** 30 times recycle of seawater desalination,the conversion efficiency scarcely *** sandwich-like nanoplates with enhanced thermal and chemical stability of Au NPs are promising in the practical application of seawater desalination.

摘要：The high surface energy of nanomaterials endows them a metastable nature,which greatly limits their ***,in some cases,the degradation process derived from the poor stability of nanomaterials offers an unconventional approach to design and obtain functional ***,based on the poor stability of ZnSe-[DETA]0.5 hybrid nanobelts,we developed a new strategy to chemically graphitize and functionalize graphene oxide(GO).When ZnSe[DETA]0.5 hybrid nanobelts encountered a strong acid,they were attacked by H^+cations and could release highly reactive Se^2−anions into the reaction *** other common reductants(such as N2H4·H2O),these Se^2−anions exhibited an excellent ability to restore the structure of *** structural restoration of GO was greatly affected by the reaction time,the volume of HCl,and the mass ratio between GO and ZnSe[DETA]0.5 *** carefully controlling the reaction process and the post-processing process,we finally obtained several Se-based reduced GO(RGO)nanocomposites(such as ZnSe/Se-RGO,ZnSe-RGO,and Se-RGO)and various selenide/metal-RGO nanocomposites(such as Ag2Se-RGO,Cu2Se-RGO,and Pt-RGO).Although the original structure and composition of ZnSe[DETA]0.5 nanobelts are destroyed,the procedure presents an unconventional way to chemically graphitize and functionalize GO and thus provides a new material synthesis platform for nanocomposites.

摘要：Conductive and adhesive hydrogels are promising materials for designing *** satisfy the high conductivity of bioelectronic devices,metal nanomaterials have been used to fabricate composite ***,the fabrication of a conductive-nanomaterial-incorporated hydrogel with high performance is a great challenge because of the easy aggregation nature of conductive nanomaterials making processing ***,we report a kind of adhesive aero-hydrogel hybrid conductor(AAHC)with stretchable,adhesive and anti-bacteria properties by in situ formation of a hydrogel network in the aerogel-silver nanowires(AgNWs)*** AgNWs with good conductivity are wellintegrated on the inner-surface of shape-memory chitosan aerogel,which created a conductive framework to allow hydrogel *** by the aerogel-silver makes the hybrid hydrogel tough and *** groups from the hydrogel allow strong adhesion to wet tissues through molecular *** inherent bacteria-killing ability of silver ions endows the conductive hydrogel with excellent anti-bacteria *** proposed facile strategy of aerogel-assisted assembly of metal nanomaterials with hydrogel opens a new route to incorporate functional nanoscale building blocks into hydrogels.

摘要：Photoelectrochemical(PEC)hydrogen production is of great interest as an ideal avenue towards clean and renewable ***,the instability and low energy conversion efficiency of photoanodes hinder their practical *** we address these issues by introducing a hole extraction layer(HEL)which could rapidly transfer and consume photogenerated *** HEL is constructed by reduced graphene oxide(RGO)and other cocatalysts that enable rapid transfer and subsequent consumption of holes,***,we showcase a high-stability photoanode composed of CdSeTe nanowires(CST NWs)and RGO/PdS nanoparticles(PdS NPs)based *** photoanode achieves excellent photocorrosion resistance,which allows stable hydrogen evolution for>2 h at 0.5 VRHE.