摘要：The stability and reactivity of nanomaterials are of crucial importance for their application, but the long-term effects of stability and reactivity of nanomaterials under practical conditions are still not well understood. In this study, we first established a comprehensive strategy to investigate the stability of a highly reactive nanomaterial from the viewpoint of reaction kinetics with ultrathin tellurium nanowires （TeNWs） as a model material in aqueous solution through an accelerated oxidation process. This allowed us to propose a new approach for the design and synthesis of other unique one-dimensional nanostructures by a chemical transformation process using the intermediate nanostructures ＂captured＂ during the dynamic oxidation process under different conditions. In essence, the oxidation of ultrathin TeNWs is a gas-solid reaction which involves liquid, gas and solid phases. It has been demonstrated that the oxidation process of ultrathin TeNWs in aqueous solution can be divided into three stages, namely oxygen limiting, ultrathin TeNWs limiting and mass transfer resistance limiting stages. The apparent oxidation kinetics for ultrathin TeNWs is approximately in accord with a first order reaction kinetics model and has an apparent activation energy as low as TeNWs are thermodynamically unstable 13.53 ***^-1, indicating that ultrathin However, the unstable nature of ultrathin TeNWs is actually an advantage since it can act as an excellent platform to help us synthesize and design one-dimensional functional nanomaterials--with special structures and distinctive properties--which are difficult to obtain by a direct synthesis method.

摘要：电催化二氧化碳还原反应(CO_(2)RR)能够利用可再生电能将CO_(2)转化为高附加值化学品和燃料,是一项有望缓解当下环境挑战的技术方案.本文总结了CO_(2)RR稳足性下降的根本原因,并探讨了解决这一问题的有效策略以及最新的研究进展.首先,在外加电位的作用下,催化剂会发生结构转变,且碳沉积或气体杂质引起的催化剂中毒都会降低CO_(2)RR的稳定性.其次,气体扩散层(GDL)附近发生水淹和盐沉淀会阻碍反应物/生成物的传输,三相界面会受到破坏.在长时间服役时,液压和电流的作用会导致GDL开裂.在电解质方面,碱性电解质会与CO_(2)中和,形成碳酸盐沉淀;而酸性介质腐蚀催化剂,并伴随严重的析氢副反应.另外,电解质中的金属离子杂质的优先还原进一步加剧了稳定性的衰减.深入理解CO_(2)RR中各类失活现象对设计稳定、高效的CO_(2)电催化系统具有指导意义.针对CO_(2)RR稳定性研究目前所面临的困境,本文最后展望了该领域未来的研究方向.

摘要：The novel zirconium oxide, nickel oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles supported activated carbons（Zr-AC, Ni-AC, Zn-AC） were successfully fabricated through microwave irradiation method. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, HR-SEM, XPS and BET. The optical properties of Zr-AC, Ni-AC and Zn-AC composites were investigated using UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic efficiency was verified in the degradation of textile dyeing wastewater（TDW） in UV light irradiation. The chemical oxygen demand（COD） of TDW was observed at regular intervals to calculate the removal rate of COD. Zn-AC composites showed impressive photocatalytic enrichment, which can be ascribed to the enhanced absorbance in the UV light region, the effective adsorptive capacity to dye molecules, the assisted charge transfer and the inhibited recombination of electron-hole pairs. The maximum TDW degradation（82% COD removal） was achieved with Zn-AC. A possible synergy mechanism on the surface of Zn-AC was also designed. Zn-AC could be reused five times without exceptional loss of its activity.

摘要：Rapid industrialization has accordingly increased the demand for *** has resulted in the increasingly severe energy and environmental *** production,based on the photocatalytic water splitting driven by sunlight,is able to directly convert solar energy into a usable or storable energy resource,which is considered to be an ideal alternative energy source to assist in solving the energy crisis and environmental ***,the hydrogen production efficiency of single phase photocatalysts is too low to meet the practical *** construction of heterostructured photocatalyst systems,which are comprised of multiple components or multiple phases,is an efficient method to facilitate the separation of electron‐hole pairs to minimize the energy‐waste,provide more electrons,enhance their redox ability,and hence improve the photocatalytic *** summarize the recent progress in the rational design and fabrication of nanoheterostructured *** heterojunction photocatalytic hydrogen generation systems can be divided into type‐I,type‐II,pn‐junction and Z‐scheme junction,according to the differences in the transfer of the photogenerated electrons and ***,a summary and some of the challenges and prospects for the future development of heterojunction photocatalytic systems are discussed.

摘要：Solar evaporation based on plasmonic metal nanoparticles(MNPs)is emerging as a promising ***,the fine structure of MNPs is unstable,and both the high temperature generated by intensive light and corrosive ions in water could damage *** performance will decline after recycling and long-time *** address these issues,we adopted a sponge-templating method for preparing sandwich-like nanoplates with the gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)confined in reduced graphene oxide(rGO)*** to the confinement effect,both the surface melting and ion diffusion were *** solar evaporator based on the sandwich-like nanoplates showed a high solar-vapor conversion efficiency of 85.2%under a high light intensity of 10 *** 30 times recycle of seawater desalination,the conversion efficiency scarcely *** sandwich-like nanoplates with enhanced thermal and chemical stability of Au NPs are promising in the practical application of seawater desalination.

摘要：Photocatalytic H2 evolution reactions on pristine graphitic carbon nitrides(g-C3N4),as a promising approach for converting solar energy to fuel,are attractive for tackling global energy concerns but still suffer from low *** this article,we report a tractable approach to modifying g-C3N4 with vanadyl phthalocyanine(VOPc/CN)for efficient visible-light-driven hydrogen production.A non-covalent VOPc/CN hybrid photocatalyst formed viaπ-πstacking interactions between the two components,as confirmed by analysis of UV-vis absorption *** VOPc/CN hybrid photocatalyst shows excellent visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance and good *** optimal conditions,the corresponding H2 evolution rate is nearly 6 times higher than that of pure *** role of VOPc in promoting hydrogen evolution activity was to extend the visible light absorption range and prevent the recombination of photoexcited electron-hole pairs *** is expected that this facile modification method could be a new inspiration for the rational design and exploration of g-C3N4-based hybrid systems with strong light absorption and high-efficiency carrier separation.

摘要：The high surface energy of nanomaterials endows them a metastable nature,which greatly limits their ***,in some cases,the degradation process derived from the poor stability of nanomaterials offers an unconventional approach to design and obtain functional ***,based on the poor stability of ZnSe-[DETA]0.5 hybrid nanobelts,we developed a new strategy to chemically graphitize and functionalize graphene oxide(GO).When ZnSe[DETA]0.5 hybrid nanobelts encountered a strong acid,they were attacked by H^+cations and could release highly reactive Se^2−anions into the reaction *** other common reductants(such as N2H4·H2O),these Se^2−anions exhibited an excellent ability to restore the structure of *** structural restoration of GO was greatly affected by the reaction time,the volume of HCl,and the mass ratio between GO and ZnSe[DETA]0.5 *** carefully controlling the reaction process and the post-processing process,we finally obtained several Se-based reduced GO(RGO)nanocomposites(such as ZnSe/Se-RGO,ZnSe-RGO,and Se-RGO)and various selenide/metal-RGO nanocomposites(such as Ag2Se-RGO,Cu2Se-RGO,and Pt-RGO).Although the original structure and composition of ZnSe[DETA]0.5 nanobelts are destroyed,the procedure presents an unconventional way to chemically graphitize and functionalize GO and thus provides a new material synthesis platform for nanocomposites.

摘要：The commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs) is still restricted by the well-known dilemma,that is,the heavy dependence of using expensive plantinum(Pt) catalyst to negotiate the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) kinetics in fuel cell ***,a carbon-supported PtC o2Ni2 alloy catalyst with low Pt usage was synthesized via a simple method,which exhibited exceptional ORR activity with a more positive half-wave potential(E1/2) ~57 m V,which was more positive than the state-of-the-art Pt/C ***,the alloy catalyst performs excellent durability after 10,000 harsh cycles compared with that of Pt/C catalyst in acidic solution,which may be developed as a promising alternative for Ptbased catalysts in fuel cell technology.

摘要：Conductive and adhesive hydrogels are promising materials for designing *** satisfy the high conductivity of bioelectronic devices,metal nanomaterials have been used to fabricate composite ***,the fabrication of a conductive-nanomaterial-incorporated hydrogel with high performance is a great challenge because of the easy aggregation nature of conductive nanomaterials making processing ***,we report a kind of adhesive aero-hydrogel hybrid conductor(AAHC)with stretchable,adhesive and anti-bacteria properties by in situ formation of a hydrogel network in the aerogel-silver nanowires(AgNWs)*** AgNWs with good conductivity are wellintegrated on the inner-surface of shape-memory chitosan aerogel,which created a conductive framework to allow hydrogel *** by the aerogel-silver makes the hybrid hydrogel tough and *** groups from the hydrogel allow strong adhesion to wet tissues through molecular *** inherent bacteria-killing ability of silver ions endows the conductive hydrogel with excellent anti-bacteria *** proposed facile strategy of aerogel-assisted assembly of metal nanomaterials with hydrogel opens a new route to incorporate functional nanoscale building blocks into hydrogels.

摘要：Photoelectrochemical(PEC)hydrogen production is of great interest as an ideal avenue towards clean and renewable ***,the instability and low energy conversion efficiency of photoanodes hinder their practical *** we address these issues by introducing a hole extraction layer(HEL)which could rapidly transfer and consume photogenerated *** HEL is constructed by reduced graphene oxide(RGO)and other cocatalysts that enable rapid transfer and subsequent consumption of holes,***,we showcase a high-stability photoanode composed of CdSeTe nanowires(CST NWs)and RGO/PdS nanoparticles(PdS NPs)based *** photoanode achieves excellent photocorrosion resistance,which allows stable hydrogen evolution for>2 h at 0.5 VRHE.