摘要：The determination of carbon emission from foundation pit engineering is a tough and complex project owing to its characteristics including large material consumption,short use time,difficult recycling and no operation *** overcome these limitations,the calculation boundary and calculation method for carbon emission of foundation pit project are defined in this paper,which is successfully applied in the carbon emission analysis of the actual engineering project,*** construction of large-scale foundation pit of Kunming comprehensive transportation international *** the carbon emissions coresponding to four working stages including building materials production,building materials transportation,construction and demolition were calculated and *** results revealed that the content of CO_(2) released in the stage of building materials production accounts for 89.3%of the total carbon emission,which means the amount of building materials consumed in the engineering project is the crucial factor to control the carbon ***,two kinds of carbon reduction measures,*** design of support scheme and recycling waste materials of internal support demolition,were explored by analyzing the proportion and average value of carbon emission from different sub project of the support structure.A pronounced effect of carbon reduction was ***,both a fast calculation method of carbon emission factor of unit work volume and general carbon reduction measures are proposed in this paper,which could provide a reference and new viewpoint for the engineers and designers to calculate and analyze the carbon emission and to take effective carbon reduction measures.

摘要：Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting for solar energy conversion into chemical fuels has attracted intense research *** semiconductor hematite(α-Fe_(2)O_(3)),with its earth abundance,chemical stability,and efficient light harvesting,stands out as a promising photoanode ***,its electron affinity is too deep for overall water splitting,requiring additional *** engineering has been used to reduce the onset potential of hematite *** we focus instead on energy band engineering hematite by shrinking the crystal lattice,and the water-splitting onset potential can be decreased from 1.14 to 0.61 V *** reversible hydrogen *** is the lowest record reported for a pristine hematite photoanode without surface modification.X-ray absorption spectroscopy and magnetic properties suggest the redistribution of 3d electrons in the as-synthesized grey hematite *** function theory studies herein show that the smaller-lattice-constant hematite benefits from raised energy bands,which accounts for the reduced onset potential.

摘要：Science generally proceeds based on a mutual interaction between theory and experiment： theory can explain experimental phenomena and propose general rules for the design of new experiments while experiment can verify theoretical predictions and discover new phenomena to improve theories. Yet, the progress of heterogeneous catalysis mainly relied on experimental advances for a long time. In its early days, heterogeneous catalysis was an empirically applied field,