摘要：Manganese tetravalent oxide(MnO_(2)),a superstar Faradic electrode material,has been investigated extensively for capacitive desalination,enabling higher salt adsorption capacity compared to the great majority of carbonous ***,few works paid attention on the relationship between the valences of manganese oxide and their desalination *** the first time,we prepared the spindle-like manganese oxides/carbon composites with divalent(MnO@C),trivalent(Mn_(2)O_(3)@C)and divalent/trivalent(Mn_(3)O_(4)@C)manganese by pyrolysis of manganese carbonate precursor under different condition,*** electrochemical behavior in three-electrode system and electrosorption performance obtained in hybrid membrane capacitive deionization(HMCDI)cells assembled with capacitive carbon electrodes were systematically evaluated,*** salt adsorption capacity(as large as 31.3,22.2,and 18.9 mg·g^(−1))and corresponding average salt adsorption rates(0.83,0.53,and 1.71 mg·g^(−1)min−1)were achieved in 500 mg·L^(−1) NaCl solution for MnO@C,Mn_(2)O_(3)@C,and Mn_(3)O_(4)@C,*** fifteen electrosorption-desorption cycles,ex-situ water contact angle and morphology comparison analysis demonstrated the superior cycling durability of the manganese oxide electrodes and subtle difference between their surface ***,density functional theory(DFT)was also conducted to elaborate the disparity among the valence states of manganese(+2,+3 and +2/+3)for in-depth *** work introduced manganese oxide with various valences to blaze new trails for developing novel Faradic electrode materials with high-efficiency desalination performance by valence engineering.

摘要：Due to the unique interface and electronic structure,metal/metal oxide composite electrocatalysts have been designed and exploited for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in alkaline ***,how to fabricate metal/metal oxides with abundant interfaces and well-dispersed metal phases is a challenge,and the synergistic effect between metal and metal oxides on boosting the electrocatalytic activities is still ***,by controlling the lithium-induced conversion reaction of metal oxides,metal/metal oxide composites with plentiful interfaces and excellent electrical interconnection are fabricated,which can enhance the active sites,and accelerate the mass transfer during the electrocatalytic *** a result,the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution activities of the as-fabricated metal/metal oxide composite catalysts including NiCo/NiCo2O4,NiMn/NiMn2O4 and CoMn/CoMn2O4 are greatly *** catalytic mechanism is also explored using the in-situ X-ray and Raman spectroscopic tracking to uncover the real active centers and the synergistic effect between the metal and metal oxides during water *** functional theory plus U(DFT+U)calculation confirms the metal in the composite can optimize the catalytic reaction path and reduce the reaction barrier,thus boosting the electrocatalytic kinetics.

摘要：Solution-synthesis method is attractive for solid electrolytes because it is a facile and scalable process to be used to permeate electrodes and to construct a thin electrolyte coating layer on active *** this work,we report Cl-doped Na_(3)SbS_(4) prepared via aqueous-solution *** decent ionic conductivity,the aqueous-solution approached electrolyte demonstrates an improved interfacial stability toward Na metal compared to the solid-state sintered one because of the residual hydrate,nanosized microstructure,and Cl ***-solid-state batteries using the solution-prepared electrolytes have enhanced cycling performance,though the performance still needs to be further improved.

摘要：Efficient photogenerated carrier migration/separation plays a critical role in increasing the photocatalytic performance of g-C_(3)N_(4).Herein,sulfonic acid group-functionalized g-C_(3)N_(4)(SACN)was synthesized and then synchronously strengthened by a facile-solid-state thermal reaction of g-C_(3)N_(4)and sulfamic *** a solid strong acid,sulfamic acid can be used to achieve acid etching on the surface of g-C_(3)N_(4)with the assistance of thermal treatment,leading to an enlarged specific surface area and increased surface catalytic reaction *** importantly,our experiments and density functional theory calculations indicate that the driving force generated by the negative inductive effect of sulfonic acid groups significantly improves the charge transfer dynamics and effectively inhibits their ***,the negative inductive effect can induce charge redistribution,which reduces the conduction band potential of g-C_(3)N_(4)to enhance the reduction ability of photo-induced *** a result,the SACN-400 sample showed excellent photocatalytic performance in H2 generation with an apparent quantum efficiency of 11.03%at 420±15 nm,as well as an efficient photodegradation rate for organic pollutants.

摘要：Microalgal oils, depending on their degree of unsaturation, can be utilized as either nutritional supplements or fuels; thus, a feedstock with genetically designed and tunable degree of unsaturation is desirable to maximize process efficiency and product versatility. Systematic profiling of ex vivo （in yeast）, in vitro, and in vivo activities of type-2 diacylglycerol acyltransferases in Nannochloropsis oceanica （NoDGAT2s or NoDGTTs）, via reverse genetics, revealed that NoDGAT2A prefers saturated fatty acids （SFAs）, NoDGAT2D prefers monounsaturated fatty acids （MUFAs）, and NoDGAT2C exhibits the strongest activity toward polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFAs）. As NoDGAT2A, 2C, and 2D originated from the green alga, red alga, and eukaryotic host ancestral participants of secondary endosymbiosis, respectively, a mecha- nistic model of oleaginousness was unveiled, in which the indigenous and adopted NoDGAT2s formulated functional complementarity and specific transcript abundance ratio that underlie a rigid SFA：MUFA：PUFA hierarchy in triacylglycerol （TAG）. By rationally modulating the ratio of NoDGAT2A＇：2C^D transcripts, a bank of N. oceanica strains optimized for nutritional supplement or fuel production with a wide range of degree of unsaturation were created, in which proportion of SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs in TAG varied by 1.3-, 3.7-, and 11.2-fold, respectively. This established a novel strategy to simultaneously improve productivity and quality of oils from industrial microalgae.

摘要：In this study, a novel design concept for PEMFC （polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell） stacks is presented with single cells inserted in pockets surrounded by a hydraulic medium. The hydraulic pressure introduces necessary compression forces to the membrane electrode assembly of each cell within a stack. Moreover, homogeneous cell cooling is achieved by this medium. First, prototypes presented in this work indicate that, upscaling of cells for the novel stack design is possible without significant performance losses. Due to its modularity and scalability, this stack design meets the requirements for large PEMFC units.

摘要：Semiconductor photocatalysts are extensively applied in environmental treatment and energy ***,one of their major disadvantages is their relatively low photocatalytic performance owing to the recombination of generated electron-hole *** presence of the phase junction is an effective way to promote the photocatalytic activity by increasing the separation efficiency of the electron-hole ***,extensive research has been conducted on the design of phase junctions of photocatalysts to improve their charge transfer properties and ***,for the design of an appropriate phase junction and the understanding of the mechanism of electron-hole separation,the development of the photocatalytic phase junction,including the preparation methods of the heterogeneous materials,is tremendously important and ***,the commonly used,externally induced phase transformation fabrication techniques and the primary components of the semiconductors are *** directions will still focus on the design and optimization of the phase junction of photocatalytic materials according to the phase transition with higher efficiencies for broadband responses and solar energy ***,the most popular phase transformation fabrication techniques of phase junctions are briefly reviewed from the application viewpoint.

摘要：ABC transporters are molecular machines which power the solute transport using ATP *** structural biology of ABC transporters has been exploding for the last few years,and this study explores timelines and trends for various attributes such as structural tools,resolution,fold,sources,and group *** study also evidences the significance of mammalian expression systems,advancements in structural biology tools,and the developing interest of group leaders across the world in the remarkably progressing *** field started in 2002 and bloomed in 2016,and COVID years were really productive to the ***,the study explores 337 structures of 58 unique ABC transporters deposited in the PDB database from which P-glycoprotein has the largest number of ***,62%of total structures are determined at the resolution of 3-4Åand 53%of structures belong to fold IV *** progressive advancements in the field,the field is shifting from prokaryotic to eukaryotic sources and X-ray crystallography to cryoelectron *** the nutshell,this study uniquely provides the detailed snapshot of the field of structural biology of ABC transporters with real-time data.

摘要：Photocatalytic water splitting with simultaneous degradation of organic pollutants is an effective strategy to alleviate the increasingly serious energy and environmental ***,the photocatalytic activity is restricted by the high charge recombination rate and limited sunlight ***,black phosphorus(BP)with a broad sunlight response range was utilized as a photosensitizer to enhance the photocatalytic performance of the Au/carbon nitride(CN)*** as-prepared BP/Au/CN exhibited a significantly enhanced H_(2) generation rate of 1400.8µmol h^(−1) g^(−1) under UV-vis light irradiation,which is almost 70 times higher than that of bare CN and BP/CN and 2 folds higher than that of the Au/CN ***,the optimal BP/Au/CN sample presented a waste-to-hydrogen production rate of 195.8µmol h^(−1) g^(−1) with the degradation of bisphenol A,verifying the synergistic effect of the ternary *** photocatalytic mechanism was systematically studied by the combination of experiments and theoretical *** improved photocatalytic performance was derived from the overall sunlight absorption ability of BP,effective electron transfer media and plasmonic character of Au nanoparticles,as well as the matched work function and strong interaction of the three components.A unidirectional electron transfer from BP to Au and then to CN was established,which effectively improved the charge transfer capability,resulting from the appropriate Ohmic contact of Au and BP and the Schottky barrier constructed in Au/CN hybrid.

摘要：The rational design and precise synthesis of multifunctional hybrid nanostructures with a tailored active core and a large, dendritic, modified mesoporous structured shell can promote catalysis, energy storage, and biological applications. Here, an oil-water biphase stratification coating strategy has been developed to prepare monodisperse magnetic dendritic mesoporous silica core-shell structured nano- spheres. These sophisticated Fe3O4@SiO2@dendritic-mSiO2 nanospheres feature large dendritic open pores （2.7 and 10.3 nm）. Significantly, the silica shells can be converted into dendritic mesoporous aluminosilicate frameworks with unchanged porosity, a Si/Al molar ratio of 14, and remarkably strong acidic sites, through a post-synthesis approach. In addition, the resultant magnetic dendritic mesoporous aluminosilicate nanospheres exhibit outstanding properties and promising application in phosphate removal from wastewater.