摘要：This paper reviewed the mode and optimization of the traditional enterprise＇s system engineering management briefly by combining the new situation of economy in the 21st century, pondered over its development and optimization in the new century, explored its new development and optimization under the new situation of economy.

摘要：The effectiveness of e-learning is being examined in higher education with the support of the advanced ICT (information and communication technology) and the educational policy research. However, e-learning is not steadily becoming popular due to a large number of processes for creating the e-learning contents, the e-learning cost problems and the public"s lack of understanding of the importance and necessity of e-learning. On the assumption that especially the students in regular day school programs will attend classes on campus, the authors can not explain completely the importance and necessity of e-learning only under the time and space advantages that the students can learn whenever and wherever they want. Hereafter, the authors will report the practical use of "Blended Learning" combining the WBT (web based training) and the face-to-face class that could be a solution to the above problem.

摘要：目的研究重压下的医生接受干预后，其疲倦的改变程度及预测因素。设计干预后1年自我评价的队列研究。地点挪威资源中心。研究对象227名从2003至2005年参加咨询干预的医生。干预旨在推动反思并根据医生的情况和个人需求的咨询干预（对个人为1天，对小组持续1周）。主要结局评估指标极度疲惫的程度（Maslach极度疲惫量表），通过线性回归研究情绪性疲倦程度降低的因素。结果185名医生（81％，88例男性，97例女性）完成了1年随访。情绪性疲倦的程度平均值显著地从3．00（SD0．94）降低到2．53（SD0．76）（t=6．76，P〈0．001），与一项有代表性的300名挪威医生的样本结果相似。参与者每周减少了其工作时间1．6小时（SD11．4）。全天病假的比例显著降低，从基线的35％（63／182）降低到随访时的6％（10／182），同时采用心理治疗的比例增加，从20％（36／182）到53％（97／182）。在整个队列中，控制了性别、年龄、人格因素后，情绪性疲倦的减少与每周工作时问的减少独立相关（β=0．17，P=0．03）。男性“满意本干预”（β=0．25，P=0．04）更倾向于情绪性疲倦的减少。结论短期的咨询干预可以减少医生的情绪性疲倦。这与工作时间的减少相关，男性还与对干预的满意度相关。