摘要：The aim of this study is to find an optimal design for a distributed hybrid renewable energy system(HRES) for a residential house in the UK. The hybrid system, which consists of wind turbines, PV arrays, a biodiesel generator, batteries and converters, is designed to meet the known dynamic electrical load of the house and make use of renewable energy resources available locally. Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables(HOMER) software is used for this study. Different combinations of wind turbines, PV arrays, a biodiesel generator and batteries are evaluated and compared using the NPC(Net Present Cost) method to find the optimal solutions. The HRES is modeled, simulated and optimized using HOMER. The results showed that the wind-biodiesel engine-battery system was the best with the lowest NPC(USD 60254) and the lowest COE(Cost of Energy, USD 0.548/k Wh) while the second best system added PV arrays. This study gives evidence of the key contribution wind turbines make to HRES due to abundant wind resources in the UK, especially in Wales.

摘要：Aims Bee-pollinated flowers are rarely red,presumably because bees(which lack red receptors)have difficulty detecting red *** the response of bees to red colour has been investigated in lab experiments,most stimuli have been pure red,while the subtle diversity of red as perceived by humans(human-red)has received very limited *** we test the hypothesis that ultraviolet(UV)reflected from human-red flowers enhances their attractiveness to bees,through increased chromatic *** Using Onosma confertum(Boraginaceae),a plant with UV-reflecting red flowers that are pollinated by bumblebees,we investigated the effects of UV reflection on pollinator responses by conducting phenotypic manipulation experiments in the *** preferences of flower-naïve bumblebees were also *** perception by bumblebees was estimated in terms of chromatic and achromatic contrast,based on two different colour perception *** Findings We found that both natural and flower-naïve bumblebees strongly preferred visiting UV-reflecting targets compared with UV-absorbing *** models show that the UV-reflecting flowers exhibit higher spectral purity and higher chromatic contrast against the foliage background,whereas they have similar achromatic contrast in terms of green receptor *** results indicate that the component of UV reflection increases chromatic contrast in ***,enhancing the visual attractiveness of these red flowers to *** further infer that the secondary reflectance might be a necessary component in human-red flowers that are primarily pollinated by animals without red receptors,such as bees.

摘要：Based on the first ionization chamber （IC） prototype, the structure, working gas component and electrode material of the IC are improved. The test of the improved IC shows that the plateau length is about 2000 V, the plateau slope is less than 0.2%/100 V, the sensitivity is 19.6 pA/rad·h 1, the up-limitation of the linearity can be up to 3.6×105 rad/h, and the applied voltage can be operated to 3500 V. The test results show that the performance of the improved IC meets the requirements of the beam loss monitor.

摘要：The first human communication is conveyed by the clothing. Clothing is a language, which has vocabulary and grammar like the human discourse. Of course, there are many clothing languages, with some having very close relationships, and some being very unique. In each clothing language, there are many different dialects and tones, which is the style of clothing.

摘要：The modern transportation system is increasingly developed during recent *** is an effective solution to set the noise barriers to reduce the traffic noise pollution caused by different kinds of transportation *** deficiencies on concrete noise barriers and metal noise barriers with rivet structure can be eliminated by a new kind of noise barrier with no-riveted *** mechanical performance examination and acoustic performance test are conducted on the new-designed noise barrier with no-riveted *** results indicate that the maximum stress is 1.74 MPa and the maximum deformation is 1.04 mm with load acting on the unit *** noise reduction coefficient of this kind of no-riveted noise barrier unit plate is 0.75 and its noise insulation is 40 dB,which were conform to or superior to the standard ***,this new designed noise barrier meets the field application requirements of mechanical and acoustic performance,which demonstrates the noise barriers can be widely promoted.

摘要：Combining the stability of chemical crosslinking and the processability of physical crosslinking is a well-established strategy to design new materials with desirable stimuli–responsive properties. Herein, a series of azobenzenebased thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters were synthesized by introducing mesogenic dial named 4,4＇-bis（6-hydroxyhexyloxy）azobenzene（BHHAB）, 2-phenylsuccinic acid（PSA）, and different contents of 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid（PTA） as the chemical crosslinker. All these polyesters showed good thermal stability and smectic liquid crystalline phase. Wide-angel X-ray diffraction（WAXD） and the fluorescence emission spectra confirmed the existence of π–πstacking interactions as the physical crosslinking in the polymer chains, particularly at the lower content of PTA. However, when the PTA content increased, the chemical crosslinking changed the chain conformation, and thus the intensity of physical crosslinking slackened gradually. Combining the physical and chemical crosslinking, these polyesters showed the thermoplastic processability, thermal shape memory, heat-assisted healing and photoresponsive behaviors. Taking advantages of these features, these multiple stimuli–responsive polymers can bring more chances for smart materials such as soft actuator.

摘要：The study of the movement behavior of geckos on a vertical surface, including the measurement and recording of the reaction forces as they move in different directions, plays an important role in understanding the mechanics of the animals' locomotion. This study provides inspiration for the design of a control system for a bionics robot. The three-dimensional reaction forces of vertical surface-climbing geckos (Gekko gecko) were measured using a three-dimensional force-sensors-array. The behavior of gecko as it moved on a vertical surface was recorded with a high speed camera at 215 fps and the function of each foot of a gecko are discussed in this paper. The results showed that the gecko increased its velocity of movement mainly by increasing the stride frequency in the upward, downward and leftward direction and that the speed had no significant relationship to the attachment and detachment times. The feet above the center-of-mass play a key role in supporting the body, driving locomotion and balancing overturning etc. The movement behavior and foot function of geckos change correspondingly for different conditions, which results in safe and effective free vertical locomotion. This research will be helpful in designing gecko-like robots including the selection of gait planning and its control.

摘要：Transition metal phosphides(TMPs) are promising battery-type electrodes for hybrid supercapacitors(HSCs) due to their high electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity. Constructing TMPs with fast kinetics and stable structure is requisite to realize high-performance HSCs but remains a challenge. Herein, we incorporate Mo(or W)into Ni Co P to form Ni-Co-Mo-P(or Ni-Co-W-P) heterostructures with a unique three-dimensional(3 D) open morphology and modified electronic structure. Electrochemical analyses and density functional theory(DFT) calculations reveal that the incorporation of Mo/W enables Ni Co P with optimized nanostructure, high conductivity, abundant reaction active sites and enhanced reaction kinetics. As a result, the designed Ni-Co-Mo-P heterostructure delivers a high areal capacity of 4.08 C cm^(-2)(703 C g^(-1)) at 2 m A cm^(-2)and3.25 C cm^(-2) at 30 m A cm^(-2) with a good cycling stability, superior to those of Ni Co P and Ni-Co-W-P counterparts. The practical feasibility of the Ni-Co-Mo-P heterostructure is further demonstrated by an energy conversion and storage system consisting of commercial solar cell and Ni-Co-Mo-P//activated carbon(AC) device, which could obtain a high energy density of 53.3 W h kg^(-1)at a power density of 800 W kg^(-1).All-solid-state Ni-Co-Mo-P//AC device further illustrates the superior flexibility and makes a strong candidate for wearable energy storage electronics.

摘要：开发高性能、稳定的双功能电催化剂是一个具有挑战性的课题.本工作基于界面工程和空位工程,通过电沉积成功构建了一种富含氧空位的异质结催化剂.所制备的催化剂V_(O)-Co(OH)_(2)/CoN在碱性电解质中具有良好的双功能催化活性和稳定性,在10 mA cm^(-2)条件下,析氢反应的过电位为52 mV,析氧反应的过电位为206 mV,且其全水分解电压仅为1.518 V.更重要的是,实验和密度泛函理论计算都证实了V_(O)-Co(OH)_(2)/CoN优异的双功能活性归因于异质界面和氧空位的协同催化.在异质界面附近,一个Co原子和一个氧空位共同形成一个活性Co空位对,通过改变反应路径协同促进水分解.氧空位不仅作为活性位点直接参与催化过程,还能有效调节电子密度,提高催化剂的导电性.本工作对于指导高性能催化剂的设计和深入了解催化机理具有重要意义.

摘要：The paper introduces the tradition of English sonnets, and explores how Shakespeare inherits the tradition and developshis own distinctiveness in his sonnets.