摘要：客观：在荷尔蒙在绝经后的女人上调查长期的低剂量荷尔蒙代替治疗(HRT ) 的效果水平，认知分数，马头鱼尾的怪兽体积，和磁性的回声光谱学(太太) 参数。方法：50-87 年的 182 个绝经后的女人的一个总数在北京联合医学院医院被选择并且分到 HRTgroup 和控制组。HRT 组的志愿者拿了低剂量荷尔蒙[estradiol (E2 ) 0.5-1.0 mg 和孕酮 0.5-2.0 mg，一次一天] 为 4-33 年。E2，孕酮，和睾丸激素的集中用连接酶的免疫吸着剂试金(ELISA ) 被测量。apolipoprotein E (ApoE ) 的 Thegene 类型被聚合酶链反应，和这些题目与 Alzheimer 的易受影响的基因(ApoE epsilon3/epsilon4 ) 测量“ s 疾病(广告) 被屏蔽。Theirhippocampus 卷和太太参数通过磁性的回声成像(MRI ) 被获得，并且在二个组的结果被统计方法分析。结果：与控制组相比，在在 HRT 的每个年龄阶段的 E2 的集中组织显著地更高(P < 0.05 ) 除了 the80-89 岁亚群；然而，在在二个组之间的孕酮和睾丸激素的集中没有统计差别。在在二个组之间的 ApoEsubtypes 分发没有明显的差别。为有易受影响的基因 ApoE epsilon3/epsilon4 的题目的马头鱼尾的怪兽 MRI 的结果( HRT 组 14 盒子，控制组 11 盒子)证明到在 HRT 的整个大脑体积的双边的马头鱼尾的怪兽体积的比率组织( 0.406 +/- 0.028 )比控制组显著地高( 0.369 +/- 0.031 ， P < 0.05 )。为有易受影响的基因 ApoE epsilon3/epsilon4 的题目的 1H 太太的结果( HRT 组 12 盒子，控制组 11 盒子)证明在在 HRT 组( 1.54 +/-0.08 )的马头鱼尾的怪兽的区域的 N-acetylaspartate/total 肌酸比控制组显著地高( 1.45 +/- 0.13 ， P < 0.05 )。结论：Forpostmenopausalwomen，长期的低剂量 HRT 能在血浆维持 E2 的生理的集中。而且，与 ApoE epsilon3/epsilon4 基因在那些上执行的马头鱼尾的怪兽 MRI 证明长期的低剂量 HRT 能阻止马头鱼尾的怪兽萎缩，它是有益的维持大脑功能并且阻止广告。

摘要：在在心肺的复活( CPR )以后恢复自发的循环并且验证它两个都结果容易地可得到、预兆的 *** 变量的无知觉的幸存者开发能够早、确切预言的各种各样的结果的一个工具的目的被系统地在 resuscitation.A 上考察出版文学识别价值被分到使用的这些 *** 在有 APACHE /score 到的联合的这些变量设计 multifactorial 预言

摘要：Introduction: Women’s sexual function is a complex ensemble of variables that involve physical, emotional, and psychosocial states. Objective: This review aims to evaluate the evidence about the sexual behavior of women during pregnancy. Methods: Survey of PubMed for the period from 1996 to 2011 for prospective, retrospective and case-control studies, randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews on the sexual function of women during pregnancy using the terms “sexual function”, “sexual dysfunction”, “sexuality”, “pregnancy”, and “pregnant woman”. Results: Changes occur in the sexual function of women during pregnancy;however, due to the heterogeneity of the studies and the incomparability of samples for lack of pairing for cultural, age, length of relationship and gestational age variables, and other methodological biases, it is not possible to characterize the sexual response of pregnant women. Conclusions: The changes observed are not sufficient to characterize sexual behavior during pregnancy as pathological. It is therefore necessary to standardize the study groups and the instruments for the assessment of sexual function, to determine the presence of distress concomitant with changes in sexual function, and to assess the sexual function of the partner and the impact of changes on the dyadic relationship before and after the gestational period.

摘要：Background: The development of anitiretroviral drug resistance may limit the benefit of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore the need to closely monitor these mutations, especially the use of ART is increasing. This study was therefore designed to determine the ARV drug resistance pattern among ART na?ve and expose individuals attending a PEPFAR supported by antiretroviral clinic in Nigeria. Methodology: The study participants included patients attending the PEPFAR supported by University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan ART clinic who have been on HIV treatment for at least one year with consecutive viral load of over 2000 copies/ml as well some ART Na?ve individuals with high (>50,000 copies/ml) baseline viral level attending the hospital for pre-ART assessment. Blood sample was collected from each individual for CD4 enumeration, viral load level determination and DNA sequencing for genotypic typing. Antiretroviral drug resistance mutations (DRM) were determined by using the Viroseq software and drug mutations generated by using a combination of Viroseq and Stanford algorithm. DRM were classified as major or minor mutations based on the June 2013 Stanford DR database. Results: The most common major NRTI, NNRTI and PI mutation were D67N (33.3%), Y181C (16.7%) and M46L/I (55.6%) respectively. Lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC);nevirapine (NVP) and nelfinavir (NFV) were the most common NRTI, NNRTI, and PI drugs to which the virus in the infected individuals developed resistance. Isolates from 4 patients were resistant to triple drug class, including at least one NRTI, NNRTI and a PI. Only one (4.8%) of the isolates from drug Na?ve individuals had major DRM that conferred resistance to any drug. Conclusion: Demonstration of high rates of antiretroviral DRM among patients on 1st and 2nd line ART and the presence of DRM in drug Na?ve individuals in this study show the importance of surveillance for resistance to ARV in line with the magnitude of scaling up of treatment

摘要：Objective: To screen a triple helix-forming oligodeoxyribonucleotide (TFO) that can bind HBV core promoter at target site with high affinity and specificity, and to observe the ability of manganese porphyrin modified TFO to combine and cleave HBV ***: Similar homopurine domain (1 734-1 754) in HBV core promoter was selected as target *** corresponding TFOs were *** affinities and specificities of TFOs binding target sequence were tested with electrophoretic mobility shift and DNase Ⅰ footprinting *** selected best TFO was modified with manganese porphyrin and *** ability of the TFO derivative to cleave HBV DNA was observed with cleavage ***: Under the condition of 37℃ and pH 7.4, the TFO consisting of cytidylate and thymidylate (CT-TFO) and the parallel TFO consisting of guanylate and thymidylate (GT-TFOp) bound the target sequence weakly with Kd values much more than 10-6 mol/*** affinities of anti-parallel GT-TFO (GT-TFOap) and short TFO consisting of adenine nucleotide and guanylate (AG-TFOsh) binding the target sequence were higher than those of the formers, with Kd values of 5×10-7 mol/L and 2.5×10-8 mol/L *** AG-TFO (AG-TFOl) had the highest binding affinity with a Kd value of 3×10-9 mol/L among all the TFOs studied for sequence *** the presence of potassium monopersulfate, KHSO5, TFO modified with manganese porphyrin and acridine cleaved the target sequence where the triplex DNA ***: TFO containing AG or GT binds homopurine in HBV core promoter in adverse parallel direction to form triple ***-TFOl has the highest binding affinity among all the TFOs *** modified with manganese porphyrin, AG-TFOl completely binds and cleaves the target HBV DNA sequence where triplex DNA is formed.

摘要：Background： Despite the rapid growth in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction （AMI） in China, there is limited information about patients＇ experiences after AMI hospitalization, especially on long-tern1 adverse events and patient-reported outcomes （PROs）. Methods： The China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events （PEACE）-Prospective AMI Study will enroll 4000 consecutive AM I patients from 53 diverse hospitals across China and follow them longitudinally for 12 months to docunlent their treatment, recovery, and outcomes. Details of patients＇ medical history, treatment, and in-hospital outcomes are abstracted from medical charts. Comprehensive baseline interviews are being conducted to characterize patient demographics, risk factors, presentation, and healthcare utilization. As part of these interviews, validated instruments are administered to measure PROs, including quality of life, symptoms, mood, cognition, and sexual activity. Follow-up interviews, measuring PROs, medication adherence, risk factor control, and collecting hospitalization events are conducted at 1, 6, and 12 months after discharge. Supporting documents for potential outcomes are collected for adjudication by clinicians at the National Coordinating Center. Blood and urine samples are also obtained at baseline, 1 - and 12-month follow-up. In addition, we are conducting a survey of participating hospitals to characterize their organizational characteristics. Conclusion： The China PEACE-Prospective AMI study will be uniquely positioned to generate new information regarding patient＇s experiences and outcomes alter AMI in China and seiwe as a foundation for quality improveinent activities.

摘要：Objective: To investigate the effects of hormone therapy, estrogen therapy and tibolone on markers of apoptosis including bcl-2, and bax and cyclin D 1 expression in postmenopausal vaginal epithelium. Study design: Thirty postmenopausal women were randomized to the treatment protocols (0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) ? 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA); 2 mg estradiol valerate; 2.5 mg tibolone). After baseline vaginal biopsy, control biopsies were performed after 70 days following the initiation of the therapy. Bcl-2, bax, Bcl-2/bax ratio, cyclin D1 measurements were performed immunohistochemically. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests. Results: After the treatment period the above-mentioned parameters were not different among the groups except for cyclin D1 levels. Cyclin D1 expression was found to be strong in patients with treated estradiol valerate. Conclusions: The effects of estrogen on cyclin D1 expression were not detected with tibolone or with the addition of progesterone to estrogen in the vaginal epithelium. Cyclin D1 appeared to have stronger effects on the estrogen related proliferation compared to apoptotic markers in vaginal epithelial cells.

摘要：The purpose of this study was to describe levator ani (LA) anatomy in postterm nulliparas using 3- dimensional (3- D) magnetic resonance (MR). Study design: Nulliparas (n = 84) with uncomplicated, postterm pregnancies underwent an MR (4 mm slices, 0 gap) of the uterus and pelvis. LA volume and morphometry were assessed using 3- D post-processing software. Results: LA insertion into the symphysis was visible in 93% , and the iliococcygeus muscle assumed a convex shape (arch) in the 92% of the 84 women. The LA shape was characterized as “ U” in 53% and “ V” in 47% . Mean LA volume was 13.5 (3.7) cm3. There was a positive association between LA volume and higher fetal station (P = .02) and increasing BMI (P < .001). However, no relationship between LA volume and station was found after adjusting for BMI. Conclusion: BMI was correlated with LA volume in postterm nulliparas. LA insertion into the symphysis and the iliococcygeus arch were well-preserved overall and morphometry was variable.

摘要：The purpose of this study was to identify indications for and complications of abdominal or vaginal surgical removal of the cervical stump after previous supracervical hysterectomy. Study design: This was a retrospective chart review of trachelectomy patients at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, or Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, between January 1974 and December 2003. Results: Of 335 patients with a history of supracervical hysterectomy who subsequently required trachelectomy, 25 were excluded from study. Half of the remaining 310 patients had trachelectomy between 1974 and 1983, an average of 26 years after hysterectomy. The indication in three quarters of trachelectomies performed vaginally was prolapse. The vaginal approach had significantly fewer complications than the abdominal approach. Conclusion: Removal of the cervical stump is infrequent and has declined over a 30- year period. The decline in trachelectomy may be because of a decreasing number of supracervical hysterectomies performed. When trachelectomy is performed vaginally, prolapse is the most common indication, and there are few complications.

摘要：Objective:Several variables related to increased risk of placental abruption are also risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Prior second trimester,third trimester,and repeated fetal loss are reported to be associated to thrombophilias. However,it is yet not known if they are also related to placental abruption. Study design:A retrospective case-control study of 161 women with placental abruption and 2371 unselected gravidae without placental abruption. The medical files were scrutinized and the selected variables were investigated in relation to the develop- ment of placental abruption. Results:As compared to controls,previous second trimester-,third trimester-,repeated fetal loss,and prior placental abruption were related to a 3-,13-,3-,and a 25-fold increased risk of placental abruption,respectively. Several other factors were associated with a roughly three-fold increased risk such as:preeclampsia,IUGR,high maternal age ( > 35),family history of venous thromboembolism,smoking,and multiple birth. A risk score was created and as compared with those with no risk factors present,the risk of placental abruption was increasing from 2.5-fold for those with risk score = 1,to almost 100-fold for risk score 4 or above. Conclusion:Easily obtainable information might be used to classify the risk of placental abruption.