摘要：In recent years, it has been reported that WM (working memory) is concerned with word generation, but many points regarding the relationship between the individual differences of WM capacity and the patterns of word generation remain unclear. This study is to investigate these unclear points by using three types of word fluency task with different strategies. Subjects were 28 healthy native speakers of Japanese with an average age of 22.46 ± 3.26 years old. The experimental design included the following two tasks: (1) Japanese reading span test: Subjects were divided into the high-span, middle-span, and low-span WM capacity groups on the basis of the proportion of words recalled correctly; and (2) Word fluency task (category, letter, and verb conditions): In this task, subjects gave as many words as possible that were associated with each stimulus word within 60 s; four stimulus words in each category were used with 12 words in all. As a result, it has become clear that the high-span group with larger WM capacity can generate more words in number than the other groups and is superior in word generating capacity to them and that the low-span group with smaller WM capacity is the highest in the proportion of words generated in the first 15 s when their vocabulary is abundant, while it is the lowest during 45-60 s when their vocabulary dries up. The results suggest that WM capacity is involved in the ability to extract appropriate vocabulary from long-term memory information in immediate response.

摘要：目的旨在关注在线教育项目的组成部分和设计,了解为痴呆症患者的家庭照顾者进行在线教育项目的挑战。方法采用Whittemore&Knafl五步法对7个电子数据库进行系统检索。采用混合方法评价工具(Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool)对纳入研究质量进行评价。结果共检索到25256篇文献,最终纳入49项研究。痴呆家庭照顾者在线教育项目在实施过程中的挑战主要包括内容组成(无用或重复的信息,痴呆症相关知识不全面,文化或性别不同对获取内容的影响)、传递形式(互动有限,时间安排受限,对传统信息传递形式的偏好)以及执行(项目技术问题,使用者电子健康素养,保真度评估)3类问题。结论深入了解痴呆症患者家庭照顾者在线教育项目的挑战有助于指导未来的研究者构建最佳在线教育项目。融入文化特色、考虑结构化构建策略、优化互动设计以及增加保真度评估,这些措施可能有助于在线教育项目的实施。

摘要：Radial imaging techniques, such as projection-reconstruction （PR）, are used in magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） for dynamic imaging, angiography, and short-T2 imaging. They are less sensitive to flow and motion artifacts, and support fast imaging with short echo times. However, aliasing and streaking artifacts are two main sources which degrade radial imaging quality. For a given fixed number of k-space projections, data distributions along radial and angular directions will influence the level of aliasing and streaking artifacts. Conventional radial k-space sampling trajectory introduces an aliasing artifact at the first principal ring of point spread function （PSF）. In this paper, a shaking projection （SP） k-space sampling trajectory was proposed to reduce aliasing artifacts in MR images. SP sampling trajectory shifts the projection alternately along the k-space center, which separates k-space data in the azimuthal direction. Simulations based on conventional and SP sampling trajectories were compared with the same number projections. A significant reduction of aliasing artifacts was observed using the SP sampling trajectory. These two trajectories were also compared with different sampling frequencies. ASP trajectory has the same aliasing character when using half sampling frequency （or half data） for reconstruction. SNR comparisons with different white noise levels show that these two trajectories have the same SNR character. In conclusion, the SP trajectory can reduce the aliasing artifact without decreasing SNR and also provide a way for undersampling recon- struction. Furthermore, this method can be applied to three-dimensional （3D） hybrid or spherical radial k-space sampling for a more efficient reduction of aliasing artifacts.

摘要：Finding the optimal dose combination in two-agent dose-finding trials is challenging due to limited sample sizes and the extensive range of potential *** traditional chemotherapy or radiotherapy,which primarily focuses on identifying the maximum tolerated dose(MTD),therapies involving targeted and immune agents facilitate the identifica-tion of an optimal biological dose combination(OBDC)by simultaneously evaluating both toxicity and ***-rently,most approaches to determining the OBDC in the literature are model-based and require complex model fittings,making them cumbersome and challenging to *** address these challenges,we developed a novel model-as-sisted approach called *** approach refines the established utility-based toxicity probability interval design by integrating a strategically devised zone-based local and global candidate set searching strategy,which can effectively optimize the decision-making process for two-agent dose escalation or de-escalation in drug combination *** simulation studies demonstrate that the uTPI-Comb design speeds up the dose-searching process and provides substantial improvements over existing model-based methods in determining the optimal biological dose combinations.

摘要：Objective:Mental disorders of the elderly population in China deserve *** health is significantly associated with *** study aimed to evaluate the rate of depressive symptoms and to test the relationships between social health and depressive symptoms among a large sample of community-dwelling elderly ***:We conducted a cross-sectional study among community-dwelling adults aged 60 years or above in Zhejiang Province,***-to-face interviews were used to complete a structured questionnaire for all *** used the Social health Scale for the Elderly(SHSE)to evaluate social health status and used the short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale to evaluate depressive *** logistic regression was used to evaluate the asso?ciation between social health status and depressive ***:Of the total of 3757 participants included,1887(50.23%)were female,and the mean±standard deviation(SD)age was(70.0±8.3)*** rate of depressive symptoms was 25.92%.The social health score was higher in non?depressed participants than in depressed participants(raw score 50.7 vs.48.3,P<0.001).Participants with"moderate”or"good”social health had a significantly lower risk of depressive symptoms than those with“poor"social health(odds ratio(OR)=0.55,95%con fide nee interval(Cl):0.46-0.66 for moderate social health;OR=0.45,95%Cl:0.35-0.60 for good social health).The association between social health and depressive symptoms was con sistent across several *** clusi ons:Social health is signify cantly inversely associated with depressive *** SHSE may serve as an efficient screener to identify those elderly adults with social health deficits,but systematic assessment to guide intervention merits further investigation.

摘要：The stimulator of interferon genes(STING)shows promising clinical activity in infectious diseases and ***,the lack of targeting capability and intracellular stability of STING agonists severely limits the therapeutic ***,drug delivery systems(DDSs)overcome these delivery barriers of STING agonists via passive or active cell targeting,prolonged blood circulation and drug release,and lysosome escape,*** this review,we will describe in detail how existing DDSs are designed to overcome delivery barriers and activate the STING pathway,and the current biomedical applications of STING-activating DDSs in the treatments of infectious diseases and ***,the prospects and challenges of DDSs in STING activation are discussed.

摘要：As a valuable resource for drug discovery, natural products remain largely unexplored. The cheminformatics analysis of natural product databases could help us know better about natural products, providing valuable information in drug design. In this study, we collected an in-home natural product library consisting of more than 220 000 molecules. The results showed that natural products were distributed more diversely than synthetic compounds and approved drugs in chemical space, and natural products still possessed better scaffold diversity. Besides, natural product scaffolds had more potential in some specific indications, such as antiarthritic, antihypertensive, antiallergic and analgesic. However, the utilization rate of natural product scaffolds is relatively low, especially in terms of potential indications. Therefore, we recommend the greater use of natural products while designing lead libraries.

摘要：Despite the roll out of free life prolonging HIV and AIDS drugs in many public clinics in Zambia and the well documented effects of Anti Retrovirals (ARVs) in reducing mortality among people living with HIV, some people living with HIV still abandon treatment. This study explores patient-related factors that influence adherence to the life prolonging drugs. It is hoped that such information would be useful in enhancing adherence so as to achieve the goal of ART. This information is critical considering irrefutable evidence that non-adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) can lead to drug resistance and consequently, transmission of drug resistant HIV. Drug resistant HIV is not only expensive to handle, but can lead to increased morbidity, mortality and increased incidence of HIV cases particularly, for a low income country like Zambia. Methods: This paper uses data from a large mixed method study which was conducted in a rural setting. The study explored how patient-related factors influence people living with HIV in continuing taking of medication. The paper, therefore, discusses the major reasons reported by HIV infected people on ART for either being able to consistently take their medication or failing to do so. Results: Both limiting and facilitating factors were identified as influencing adherence. Among the facilitators identified were one having a reminder, feeling better after being on ART, seeing someone on ART recover, desire to live longer and disclosure of one’s positive status. The limiting factors included forgetting to take medication, non-recovery while on treatment for some time and drug fatigue. A significant association was found between adherence treatment and one having a reminder, desire to live longer and seeing someone on ART get better. Conclusion: While facilitators enhanced adherence, the barriers prevented or discouraged people on ART from continuing taking AIDS medicines as prescribed by their health care providers. In order to avoid

摘要：Long-term air contamination and pollution challenges in particulate matter(PM) have raised fervent concerns for public health, e.g., the PM physical damage or the bacteria and virus carried by the PM. The desired air filter, seeking both high filtration efficiency and low pressure drop remains challenging. Here, we report a bio-inspired spindle-knot halloysite nanotube microsphere-incorporated nanofiber(HNM-NF) filter with the assembly and shape structures of the spider silk. The resulting HNM-NFs exhibit integrated properties of high surface energy, hydrophilicity and strong PM capture. The spindle-knot structures could shrink the outer pore size on two-dimensional(2 D) surface and construct the fluffy 3 D reticular architecture, facilitating high-efficiency air pollutant capture(>85.0%) while maintaining low resistance to airflow(~39 Pa). The spindle-knot construction method was applicable to various materials(i.e.,Al_(2)O_(3), ZnO and TiO_(2)) and volume production of the microsphere-incorporated NF cartridge. The diversified spindleknot construction will be valuable for adapting to meet different filtration requirements.

摘要：The limited ability of cartilage tissue to repair itself poses a functionally impairing health problem. While many treatment methods are available, full restoration of the tissue to its original state is rare. Often, complete joint replacement surgery is required to obtain long-term relief. Tissue engineering approaches, however, provide new opportunities for cartilage replacement. They seek to provide mechanisms to repair or replace lost tissue or function. A theoretical method is presented here for regenerating hyaline cartilage in vitro using a chondrocyte-seeded three-dimensional biomimetic engineered scaffold with mechanical properties similar to those occurring naturally. The scaffold composition, type II collagen, aggrecan, hyaluronan, hyaluronan binding protein (for link protein), and BMP-7, were chosen to encourage synthesis of hyaline cartilage by providing a more native environment and signaling cue for the seeded chondrocytes. The scaffold components mimic the macrofibrillar collagen network found in articular cartilage. Type II collagen provides tensile strength, and aggrecan, the predominant proteoglycan, provides compressive strength.