摘要：The antibacterial properties of nano-metal oxides （ZnO, CuO） are based on the formation of reactive oxygen species （ROS）. This work reveals that the antibacterial properties of these nano-metal oxides are strongly dependent on their crystalline structure. The antibacterial activity of the nanooxides was tested against four types of bacteria that commonly cause nosocomial infections. The sonochemical method was applied not only for synthesis of nanooxides but also to their coating on textiles. The antibacterial properties of textiles coated with commercial and sonochemically prepared nano-metal oxides were evaluated and compared. The toxicity was evaluated on human lung cells and amphibian embryos, as representative models for inhalation and aquatic toxicology. The sonochemically prepared metal nanooxides are better antimicrobials than commercially available metal oxides with the same particle size range. It was found that the crystallites which have more defects and less organized structure are more toxic. The formation of ROS was studied by electron spin resonance （ESR） measurements for both the sonochemically prepared and commercial samples of ZnO/CuO nanoparticles. A significant increase in the production of radical species was found in the more defective, sonochemically prepared samples, as compared to the commercial ones. Since modulation of the nanoparticle defects influenced their toxicity, the possibility of engineering safer nano-antibacterials is indicated.

摘要：Three series of novel anti-immunodeficiency virus 1 （HIV-1） dual （RT/1N） inhibitors were rationally designed by introducing a functioning diketo acid （DKA） into pyridin-2-one scaffold. To efficiently analyze inhibitory activity, these compounds were screened against HIV-1 RT and IN respectively via surface plasmon resonance （SPR）, and active compounds were subsequently evaluated by enzyme assay. It was noteworthy that compound A2 exhibited moderate activity against both HIV-1 RT and IN. This result provided information for further development of pyridinone analogues as potent dual HIV-1 inhibitors.

摘要：Tissue engineering(TE)continues to be widely explored as a potential solution to meet critical clinical needs for diseased tissue replacement and tissue *** this study,we developed a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid)(pHEMA-co-MAA)based hydrogel loaded with newly synthesized conductive poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)(PEDOT)and polypyrrole(PPy)nanoparticles(NPs),and subsequently processed these hydrogels into tissue engineered constructs via three-dimensional(3D)*** presence of the NPs was critical as they altered the rheological properties during ***,all samples exhibited suitable shear thinning properties,allowing for the development of an optimized processing window for 3D *** were 3D printed into pre-determined disk-shaped configurations of 2 and 10 mm in height and diameter,*** observed that the NPs disrupted the gel crosslinking efficiencies,leading to shorter degradation times and compressive mechanical properties ranging between 450 and 550 *** conductivity of the printed hydrogels increased along with the NP concentration to(5.10±0.37)×10^(−7)S/*** vitro studies with cortical astrocyte cell cultures demonstrated that exposure to the pHEMA-co-MAA NP hydrogels yielded high cellular viability and proliferation ***,hydrogel antimicrobial studies with staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria revealed that the developed hydrogels affected bacterial *** together,these materials show promise for various TE strategies.

摘要：Background： Using a cross-sectional design comparison, two overhead press techniques （in-front of the head or behind the head） were compared. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of behind the head or in-front of the head overhead pressing technique on shoulder range of movement （ROM） and spine posture. The overhead press is commonly prescribed exercise. The two techniques （in-front of the head or behind the head） may influence joint mechanics and therefore require an objective analysis. Methods： Passive shoulder ROM quantified using goniometric measures, dynamic ROM utilised three-dimensional （3D） biomechanical mea- sures （120 Hz） of 33 participants performing overhead pressing in a seated position. The timing and synchronisation of the upper limb shoulder and spine segments were quantified and influence of each technique was investigated. Results： The in-front technique commenced in lordotic position, whilst behind the head technique commenced in kyphotic position. Behind the head technique started with less thoracic extension than in-front condition. The thoracic spine remained extended and moved between 12~ and 15~ regardless of gender or technique. The techniques resulted in a significant difference between genders. Males were able to maintain a flat or normal lumbar lordosis, whereas females tended to kyphotic. Conclusion： Shoulder ROM was within passive ROM for all measures except external rotation for males with the behind the head technique. To avoid possible injury passive ROM should be increased prior to behind the head protocol. Females showed greater spine movements, suggesting trunk strengthening may assist overhead pressing techniques. For participants with normal trunk stability and ideal shoulder ROM, overhead pressing is a safe exercise （for the shoulder and spine） when performed either in-front of or behind the head.

摘要：We hypothesized that neuroprotective agents targeting various pathways involved in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury might be superior to that targeting single ***,we prepared a fusion protein(B-I)by combining anti-apoptotic Bcl-x L(B)and anti-inflammatory IL-10(I).B-I could cross blood brain barrier by its N-terminal TAT domain,and be cleaved into separate B and I by Caspase-1.B-I treatment significantly reduced the cerebral infarct volume,better than B or I treatment alone,and equivalent to B and I treatment(B+I).Treatment with B or B-I significantly attenuated I/R-induced neuronal apoptosis as shown by the decrease in apoptotic rate and the inhibition of caspase-3 ***,all recombinant proteins,especially B-I,remarkably attenuated I/R-induced up-regulation of TNF-α.These results suggested that fusion protein B-I inhibiting both inflammation and apoptosis provided better neuroprotective effects than inhibiting either one *** study suggested that multiple pathways targeting brain I-R injury could enhance the neuroprotective effect,and it provided a new idea for the study of neuroprotective drugs for ischemic stroke.

摘要：The pedagogy employed in health care education must continually be questioned and expanded. Student nurses must be prepared for nursing practice that continually changes, consequently alternative concepts in nurse education must be considered. The aims were to provide student nurses with reflection skills and to evaluate the potential of studying the reflective process using visual art at a museum as an enriched activity in education. A pedagogical program with Gibbs’ reflection model was used as a complement. The study was conducted at a University College of health sciences in Sweden in collaboration with a visual art museum. Data were collected during a period of three years. A random sample (n = 35 of n = 98 students’ reports) was selected for qualitative analysis. The painting by George-Pierre Seurat, Seated woman was used as a source of inspiration. Analysis was conducted of the excerpts generated from the steps in Gibbs’ reflection model and from students’ evaluations of the teaching-learning structure. The results show that students were able to build hypothetical situations around the character depicted in the painting. They observed and described a great many aspects of the reflective process. The chosen painting was regarded as suitable for its purpose, and a source of inspiration. It could be interpreted as a patient you might meet in clinical practice. The students′ evaluations show that they became aware of knowledge they had not thought of before, and a way of taking a step closer to clinical practice. It could be concluded that art museum could be regarded as a stimulating environment that nurtured the reflective process. Consequently, visual art museums have to be considered as possible teaching learning milieus to be used in nurse education. It is to be hoped that this study will contribute to further development of visual art museums as teaching learning settings.

摘要：In a recent publication [1], these images in Figures 6(b, c)(^NPEG-NPCe6 group), S7, S9 and S10 were inadvertently taken the incorrect images in the production. The corrected versions are shown below. And, the quantification of Ce6 fluorescence(as performed in Figure 6(c)) was also corrected(Figure S12).

摘要：As a valuable resource for drug discovery, natural products remain largely unexplored. The cheminformatics analysis of natural product databases could help us know better about natural products, providing valuable information in drug design. In this study, we collected an in-home natural product library consisting of more than 220 000 molecules. The results showed that natural products were distributed more diversely than synthetic compounds and approved drugs in chemical space, and natural products still possessed better scaffold diversity. Besides, natural product scaffolds had more potential in some specific indications, such as antiarthritic, antihypertensive, antiallergic and analgesic. However, the utilization rate of natural product scaffolds is relatively low, especially in terms of potential indications. Therefore, we recommend the greater use of natural products while designing lead libraries.

摘要：研究目的:纳米二氧化钛已是防晒霜、化妆品和光催化剂等的常用成分。纳米二氧化钛的大量应用,已被证明具有潜在的环境负面影响与人体健康风险。如何分析环境中工程纳米二氧化钛的理化性质无疑是认识其潜在风险的关键课题。研究方法:从工程纳米颗粒可用的表征与测定方法(如电镜显微方法、色谱与质谱技术等)的优缺点出发,结合稳定同位素与稀有元素示踪技术来探讨环境中工程纳米二氧化钛颗粒的分析方法。重要结论:环境中工程纳米二氧化钛的表征与测定方法仍需深入的研究,其可靠性需要现有各种分析技术的相互验证、良好的样品预处理技术和参考物质、以及稳定同位素与稀有元素技术示踪的配合。

摘要：Despite the roll out of free life prolonging HIV and AIDS drugs in many public clinics in Zambia and the well documented effects of Anti Retrovirals (ARVs) in reducing mortality among people living with HIV, some people living with HIV still abandon treatment. This study explores patient-related factors that influence adherence to the life prolonging drugs. It is hoped that such information would be useful in enhancing adherence so as to achieve the goal of ART. This information is critical considering irrefutable evidence that non-adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) can lead to drug resistance and consequently, transmission of drug resistant HIV. Drug resistant HIV is not only expensive to handle, but can lead to increased morbidity, mortality and increased incidence of HIV cases particularly, for a low income country like Zambia. Methods: This paper uses data from a large mixed method study which was conducted in a rural setting. The study explored how patient-related factors influence people living with HIV in continuing taking of medication. The paper, therefore, discusses the major reasons reported by HIV infected people on ART for either being able to consistently take their medication or failing to do so. Results: Both limiting and facilitating factors were identified as influencing adherence. Among the facilitators identified were one having a reminder, feeling better after being on ART, seeing someone on ART recover, desire to live longer and disclosure of one’s positive status. The limiting factors included forgetting to take medication, non-recovery while on treatment for some time and drug fatigue. A significant association was found between adherence treatment and one having a reminder, desire to live longer and seeing someone on ART get better. Conclusion: While facilitators enhanced adherence, the barriers prevented or discouraged people on ART from continuing taking AIDS medicines as prescribed by their health care providers. In order to avoid