摘要：Objective: The Low- Pressure Glaucoma Treatment Study (LoGTS) seeks to evaluate visual field stability in low- pre- ssure glaucoma patients randomized to intraocular pressure reduction in both eyes with topical twice daily brimonidine tartrate 0.2% versus twice daily timolol maleate 0.5% . This article describes the LoGTS design and presents baseline characteristics of the subjects. Design: Randomized, multicenter, double- masked clinical trial. Participants: Low- pressure glaucoma patients 30 years of age or older were identified. Exclusion criteria included an untreated pressure of more than 21 mmHg, advanced visual field loss, and contraindications to study medications. Interventions: Randomization of both eyes to double- masked monotherapy with brimonidine or timolol. Follow- up visits included Humphrey 24- 2 full- threshold perimetry, tonometry every 4 months, and annual optic disc photography. Main Outcome Measure: Progression of visual field loss. Results: One hundred ninety patients were randomized between 1998 and 2000. Mean age (± standard deviation) was 64.9± 10.7 years. Women comprised 59.5% of the patients. Fifty- three patients (27.9% ) had unilateral field loss. The 137 patients with bilateral field loss were older than those with unilateral field loss: 65.7 versus 62.3 years of age (P< 0.05). Mean untreated diurnal intraocular pressures were similar between the eyes of the bilateral patients (mean, 15.5 mmHg in both eyes) and unilateral patients (mean, 16.0 mmHg in field loss vs. 15.6 mmHg in fellow eyes). Visual field mean deviation for all eyes was- 5.4± 4.7 decibels. Central corneal thickness in 168 phakic patients was 543± 35 μ m (range,435- 655 μ m); thickness was less than 500 μ m in 15 eyes and was more than 600 μ m in 11 eyes. Mean vertical cup- to- disc ratio for all eyes was 0.67± 0.15. Unilateral field loss patients had a larger cupto- disc ratio in the field loss eye (0.75± 0.12) than the fello weye with a normal field (0.60± 0.17, P< 0.0

摘要：目的利用bcl-x微基因(minigene)构建重要顺式作用元件B2G、CRCE2的突变微基因,建立bcl-x微基因报告法并应用于bcl-x选择性剪接机制的研究。方法以构建成功的pcDNA3.1(-)-bcl-x微基因为模板,利用反向PCR的方法,按碱基互补配对原则设计能让顺式元件B2G,CRCE2定点突变的引物,进行PCR反应。PCR反应结束后,用DpnⅠ对模板质粒DNA进行消化,然后使PCR产物发生自身环化反应。将环化产物转化入感受态DH5α,通过筛选并最后利用测序来鉴定所构建突变微基因成功与否。结果测序结果鉴定,所克隆的突变微基因序列碱基无一错误突变。并且在HL-60细胞中,RT-PCR实验表明bcl-x顺式作用元件B2G,CRCE2对bcl-xL/bcl-xS有一定影响,pcDNA3.1(-)-bcl-x-B2G(M)转染后RT-PCR电泳显示bcl-xS几乎消失,pcDNA3.1(-)-bcl-x-CRCE2(M)转染后RT-PCR电泳显示bcl-xL/bcl-xS为1.6。结论成功构建及应用人类凋亡相关基因bcl-x的突变微基因,顺式作用元件B2G缺失使bcl-xS几乎消失,CRCE2突变使bcl-xL/bcl-xS上升。

摘要：背景:关于无症状绝经后女性中次要和(或)主要心电图(ECG)异常的流行率、发病率及其独立预后价值的资料少见。激素疗法对ECG的预后价值有无影响亦缺乏相关信息。目的:研究基线时的次要、主要ECG异常和新发ECG异常与长期心血管疾病发生率和死亡率的相关性。设计、机构和参与者:对女性健康倡议研究中的雌激素联合黄体酮亚组研究进行事后分析。

摘要：本试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌(BS)、蒙脱石(MMT)及其互作对产蛋鸡生产性能、养分表观利用率和肠黏膜养分转运载体基因表达的影响。采用2×2双因子随机试验设计,主效应分别为BS(0、0.5 g/kg)、MMT(0、0.5 g/kg)及二者互作。选择360只29周龄健康的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡,随机分为4组(每组6个重复,每个重复15只),分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+0.5 g/kg BS(BS组)、基础饲粮+0.5 g/kg M M T(M M T组)、基础饲粮+0.5 g/kg M M T+0.5 g/kg BS(M M T+BS组)。预试期7 d,正试期70 d。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,各添加组产蛋鸡产蛋率均显著提高(P<0.05);MMT组和MMT+BS组日产蛋量显著提高(P<0.05);MMT+BS组料蛋比显著降低(P<0.05)。2)饲粮中添加BS显著提高了干物质、粗脂肪、能量和粗蛋白质的表观利用率(P<0.05);BS组和MMT+BS组能量表观利用率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,各添加组产蛋鸡空肠黏膜碱性氨基酸转运载体1 m RNA表达量均显著提高(P<0.05);BS和M M T互作对产蛋鸡空肠黏膜易化葡萄糖转运载体2和碱性氨基酸转运载体1m RNA表达量有显著影响(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中单独添加BS和M M T及二者联用均能够提高产蛋鸡的产蛋率和日产蛋量;饲粮中添加BS能够提高产蛋鸡对饲粮中干物质、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质和能量的表观利用率;饲粮中单独添加BS和MMT及二者联用均能够上调产蛋鸡肠黏膜碱性氨基酸转运载体1基因的表达。

摘要：目的回顾关于质子泵抑制剂治疗溃疡出血患者的随机对照研究,确定该治疗对于死亡率、再出血和外科干预措施的影响。设计系统评价和汇总分析。资料来源包括Cochrane协作网的临床试验注册库、Medline、Embase、手工检索的和制药公司。评价方法在经内镜证实存在溃疡出血并至少有以下事件之一——死亡、再出血、外科干预的患者中,进行随机对照研究,比较质子泵抑制剂与安慰剂或H2受体拮抗剂的疗效。所有临床试验依据方法学质量来进行分级。由2个评定者独立回顾每个临床试验,将分歧按照多数人的意见来统一。结果我们选出了21项随机对照研究,包括2915例患者。质子泵抑制剂治疗对于死亡率没有显著影响[比值比1.11,95%可信区间0.79～1.57;需要治疗的人数(NNT)无法计算]。但是质子泵抑制剂可以降低再出血的发生(0.46,0.33～0.64;NNT为12)和外科治疗的比例(0.59,0.46～0.76;NNT为20)。对其中10项具有高质量方法学的临床试验进行汇总分析,得到相似的结论死亡率的OR值为0.96(0.46～2.01);再出血的OR值为0.41(0.25～0.68),NNT为10;外科手术的OR值为0.62(0.46～0.83),NNT为25。结论质子泵抑制剂的治疗可以降低溃疡的再出血风险,减少对外科手术的需要,但患者的总体死亡率没有改善。