摘要：Atomic blocks, a high-level language construct that allows programmers to explicitly specify the atomicity of operations without worrying about the implementations, are a promising approach that simplifies concurrent programming. On the other hand, temporal logic is a successful model in logic programming and concurrency verification, but none of existing temporal programming models supports concurrent programming with atomic blocks yet. In this paper, we propose a temporal programming model （αPTL） which extends the projection temporal logic （PTL） to support concurrent programming with atomic blocks. The novel construct that formulates atomic execution of code blocks, which we call atomic interval formulas, is always interpreted over two consecutive states, with the internal states of the block being abstracted away. We show that the framing mechanism in projection temporal logic also works in the new model, which consequently supports our development of an executive language. The language supports concurrency by introducing a loose interleaving semantics which tracks only the mutual exclusion between atomic blocks. We demonstrate the usage of αPTL by modeling and verifying both the fine-grained and coarse-grained concurrency.

摘要：Main observation and conclusion Amicetin and congeners constitute a small family of complex pyrimidine nucleosides,which exhibit strong antibiotic activities against Gram-positive bacteria and notably against strains of Mycobacterium ***,we report chemical synthesis of a series of disaccharide congeners of the amicetin family,including amicetin,plicacetin,and cytosaminomycin A—*** is the first time for successful synthesis of amicetin,the prototypical member,and *** synthetic approach employs glycosyl N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate and thioglycoside donors to construct the characteristic aminodeoxydisaccharides consisting ofα-(1→4)-glycosidic linkage,uses gold(I)-catalyzed N-glycosylation to furnish 2-deoxy-β-nucleosides,and finally exploits amidation and global deprotection to complete the *** is noteworthy that the 3-O-protecting group in the 2-deoxydisaccharide donors is found to be crucial for a successful N-glycosylation to assemble the cytosaminomycin disaccharide nucleosides.

摘要：The development of smart bioelectronics and biomedical devices has significantly advanced the field of biomedical engineering,enabling a myriad of applications from basic biomedical research to clinical medicine and *** at the intersection of materials science,mechanical,electrical,and bioengineering,this fascinating field has attracted considerable attention from researchers all over the world,providing new healthcare solutions which were impossible *** brain–machine interface to biomedical nano/micro-robots,different materials and manufacturing methodologies have been developed to advance the functionalities of the bioelectronic systems to meet the ever-increasing demand of biological and bioinspired applications(Fig.1).

摘要：As economics’development,society’s progress,mankind accumulates much wisdom about life and *** appears when the wisdom ***,how to pass on it from generation to generation?Education plays an immeasurable *** this regard,education has closed relationship with *** say education,it must be the teaching of wisdom;to say philosophy,it has to pass by through *** paper tries to study the educational thought of humanists during the period of renaissance in Europe and probe its aim,contents,methods,features and significance.

摘要：The rise of antibiotic resistance as one of the most serious global public health threats has necessitated the timely clinical diagnosis and precise treatment of deadly bacterial *** identify which types and doses of antibiotics remain effective for fighting against multi-drug-resistant pathogens,the development of rapid and accurate antibiotic-susceptibility testing(AST)is of primary *** methods for AST in well-plate formats with disk diffusion or broth dilution are both labor-intensive and operationally *** microfluidic chip provides a versatile tool for evaluating bacterial AST and resistant *** this paper,we develop an operationally simple,3D-printed microfluidic chip for AST which automatically deploys antibiotic concentration gradients and fluorescence intensity-based reporting to ideally reduce the report time for AST to within 5 *** harnessing a commercially available,digital light processing(DLP)3D printing method that offers a rapid,high-precision microfluidic chip-manufacturing capability,we design and realize the accurate generation of on-chip antibiotic concentration gradients based on flow resistance and diffusion *** further demonstrate the employment of the microfluidic chip for the AST of *** to representative clinical antibiotics of three classes:ampicillin,chloramphenicol,and *** determined minimum inhibitory concentration values are comparable to those reported by conventional well-plate *** proposed method demonstrates a promising approach for realizing robust,convenient,and automatable AST of clinical bacterial pathogens.

摘要：In this study,we unveil a conceptual technology for fabricating artificial metalloenzymes(ArMs)by deeply integrating hemin into protein scaffolds via a protein refolding process,a method that transcends the conventional scope of surface-level *** approach involves denaturing proteins,such as benzaldehyde lyase,green fluorescent protein,and Candida antarctica lipase B,to expose extensive reactive amino acid residues,which are then intricately linked with hemin using orthogonal click reactions,followed by protein *** process not only retains the proteins’structural integrity but expands proteins’*** most notable outcome of this methodology is the hemin@BAL variant,which demonstrated a remarkable 83.7%conversion rate in cyclopropanation reactions,far surpassing the capabilities of traditional hemin-based catalysis in *** success highlights the significant role of protein structure in the ArMs’activity and marks a substantial leap forward in chemical modification of *** findings suggest vast potentials of protein refolding approaches for ArMs across various catalytic applications,paving the way for future advancements in synthetic biology and synthetic chemistry.

摘要：Chiral phosphorus ligands have played a crucial role for the recent advances in asymmetric *** review summarizes chiral phosphorus ligands developed from the Laboratory of Professor Xumu Zhang in the latest 25 years.A number of iconic phosphorus ligands including bisphosphorus ligands with rigid chiral backbone such as BICP,PennPhos,TunePhos,and f-Binaphane,P-chiral bisphosphorus ligands TangPhos,Binapine,and DuanPhos,phosphine-phosphoramidte ligand YanPhos,noncovalent interaction-assisted ferrocenyl phosphorus ligand ZhaoPhos and WudaPhos,and tridentate ferrocenyl phosphorus ligands f-amphox are introduced,and their applications in asymmetric hydrogenation are emphasized.

摘要：The nanoscale core/shell heterostructure is a particularly efficient motif to combine the promising properties of plasmonic materials and rare-earth compounds; however, there remain significant challenges in the synthetic control due to the large interfacial energy between these two intrinsically unmatched materials. Herein, we report a synthetic route to grow rare-earth-vanadate shells on gold nanorod （AuNR） cores. After modifying the AuNR surface with oleate through a surfactant exchange, well-packaged rare-earth oxide （e.g., Gd2O3：Eu） shells are grown on AuNRs as a result of the multiple roles of oleate. Furthermore, the composition of the shell has been altered from oxide to vanadate （GdVO4：Eu） using an anion exchange method. Owing to the carefully designed strategy, the AuNR cores maintain the morphology during the synthesis process; thus, the final Au/GdVO4： Eu core/shell NRs exhibit strong absorption bands and high photothermal efficiency. In addition, the Au/GdVO4：Eu NRs exhibit bright Eu^3＋ fluorescence with quantum yield as high as -17%; bright Sm^3＋ and Dy^3＋ fluorescence can also be obtained by changing the lanthanide doping in the oxide formation. Owing to the attractive integration of the plasmonic and fluorescence properties, such core/shell heterostructures will find particular applications in a wide array of areas, from biomedicine to energy.

摘要：In the realm of near-infrared spectroscopy,the detection of molecules has been achieved using on-chip waveguides and *** the mid-infrared band,the integration and sensitivity of chemical sensing chips are often constrained by the reliance on off-chip light sources and *** this study,we demonstrate an InAs/GaAsSb superlattice mid-infrared waveguide integrated *** GaAsSb waveguide layer and the InAs/GaAsSb superlattice absorbing layer are connected through evanescent coupling,facilitating efficient and highquality detection of mid-infrared light with minimal *** conducted a simulation to analyze the photoelectric characteristics of the ***,we investigated the factors that affect the integration of the InAs/GaAs⁃Sb superlattice photodetector and the GaAsSb *** thicknesses and lengths for the absorption lay⁃er are *** the absorption layer has a thickness of 0.3μm and a length of 50μm,the noise equiva⁃lent power reaches its minimum value,and the quantum efficiency can achieve a value of 68.9%.The utilization of waveguide detectors constructed with Ⅲ-Ⅴ materials offers a more convenient means of integrating mid-infra⁃red light sources and achieving photoelectric detection chips.

摘要：Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are lipid-bound vesicles secreted by cells into the extracellular *** are three types of EVs,including exosomes(30–150 nm)[1],microvesicles(100–1000 nm),and apoptotic bodies(50–4000 nm).EVs are also important intercellular communication carriers in many physiological and pathological processes such as immune response,tumor invasion,and metastasis[2,3].EVs circulate in various body fluids(e.g.,peripheral blood and urine),while carrying genetic information(e.g.,proteins and nucleic acids)from the parent cells[2,4,5].Thus,their source can be identified through gene analysis[6–10].