摘要：Introduction The climax of the industrial revolution was marked by the rapid growth of industry,and advancement in technologies have further fueled this industrial expansion,leading to a surge in economic *** technologies have also increased the degree of destructive human inter-ference with the biosphere.

摘要：Polymer-mediated self-assembly of superparamagnetic iron oxide（SPIO） nanoparticles allows modulation of the structure of SPIO nanocrystal cluster and their magnetic properties. In this study, dopamine-functionalized polyesters（DApolyester） were used to directly control the magnetic nanoparticle spacing and its effect on magnetic resonance relaxation properties of these clusters was investigated. Monodisperse SPIO nanocrystals with different surface coating materials（poly（ε-caprolactone）, poly（lactic acid）） of different molecular weights containing dopamine（DA） structure（DA-PCL2k,DA-PCL1k, DA-PLA1k）） were prepared via ligand exchange reaction, and these nanocrystals were encapsulated inside amphiphilic polymer micelles to modulate the SPIO nanocrystal interparticle spacing. Small-angle x-ray scattering（SAXS）was applied to quantify the interparticle spacing of SPIO clusters. The results demonstrated that the tailored magnetic nanoparticle clusters featured controllable interparticle spacing providing directly by the different surface coating of SPIO nanocrystals. Systematic modulation of SPIO nanocrystal interparticle spacing can regulate the saturation magnetization（Ms） and T2 relaxation of the aggregation, and lead to increased magnetic resonance（MR） relaxation properties with decreased interparticle spacing.

摘要：We present a study of the electric field effect on electrochemically grown ultrathin, straight platinum nanowires with minimum diameter of 15 nm and length in the micrometer range, synthesized on a silicon oxide substrate between metal electrodes in H2PtC16 solution. The influence of the concentration of the platinum- containing acid and the frequency of the applied voltage on the diameter of the nanowires is discussed with a corresponding theoretical analysis. We demonstrate for the first time that the electric field profile, provided by the specific geometry of the metal electrodes, dramatically influences the growth and morphology of the nanowires. Finally, we provide guidelines for the controlled fabrication and contacting of straight, ultrathin metal wires, eliminating branching and dendritic growth, which is one of the main shortcomings of the current bottom-up nanotechnology. The proposed concept of self-assembly of thin nanowires, influenced by the electric field, potentially represents a new route for guided nanocontacting via smart design of the electrode geometry. The possible applications reach from nanoelectronics to gas sensors and biosensors.

摘要：Tissue-engineered bone scaffolds provide temporary mechanical support for bone tissue growth. Mechanical stimuli are transferred to seeded cells through the scaffold structure to promote cell proliferation and differentiation. This paper presents a numerical investigation specifically on bone and cartilage tissue differentiation with the aim to provide a theoretical basis for scaffold design and bone defect repair in clinics. In this study, the scaffold structures were established on the basis of cancellous bone microarchitectures. For finite element simulations, inlet velocity and compressive strain were applied under in vitro culture conditions. The influences of this scaffold mor- phology and macro-level culture conditions on micro-mechanical stimuli at scaffold surfaces were investigated. Correlations between the microarchitectural parameters and the mechanical parameters, as well as the cell differentiation parameters were analyzed. Highly het- erogeneous stress distributions were observed on the scaffolds with irregular morphology. Cell differentiation on the scaffold was more sensitive to the inlet velocity than the axial strain. In addition, cartilage differentiation on the scaffolds with structures comprising more plate-like trabeculae was more pronounced than on those with more rod-like trabeculae. This paper is helpful to gain more insight into the mechanical environments under in vitro culture conditions that approximate the in vivo mechanical environments of Bone Marrow Stromal Ceils （BMSCs）.

摘要：The latest advances in the field of biomaterials have opened new avenues for scientific breakthroughs in tissue engineer-ing which greatly contributed for the successful translation of tissue engineering products into the market/***-materials are easily processed to become similar to natural extracellular matrix,making them ideal temporary supports for mimicking the three-dimensional(3D)microenvironment required for maintaining the adequate cell/tissue functions both in vitro and in vivo^([1]).

摘要：Hepsin,a transmembrane serine protease abundant in renal endothelial cells,is a promising therapeutic target against several cancers,particularly prostate *** is involved in the release and polymerization of uromodulin in the urine,which plays a role in kidney stone *** this work,we design new potential hepsin inhibitors for high activity,improved specificity towards hepsin,and promising ADMET *** ligands were developed in silico through a novel hierarchical *** pipeline explicitly accounts for off-target binding to the related serine proteases matriptase and HGFA(human hepatocyte growth factor activator).We completed the pipeline incorporating ADMET properties of the candidate inhibitors into custom multi-objective optimization *** ligands designed show excellent prospects for targeting hepsin via the blood stream and the urine and thus enable key experimental *** computational pipeline proposed is remarkably costefficient and can be easily adapted for designing inhibitors against new drug targets.

摘要：Over the past years, significant efforts have been devoted to explore novel drug delivery and detection strategies for simultaneous therapy and diagnostics. The development of biotinylated polyurethane-urea nanoparticles as theranostic nanocarriers for targeted drug and plasmid delivery, for fluorescence detection of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, is described herein. These targeted nanoparticles are specifically designed to incorporate biotin into the polymeric matrix, since many tumor types overexpress receptors for biotin as a mechanism to boost uncontrolled cell growth. The obtained nanoparticles were spherical, exhibited an average diameter ranging 110-145 nm, and showed no cytotoxicity in healthy endothelial cells. Biotinylated nanoparticles are selectively incorporated into the perinuclear and nuclear area of the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2, in division, but not into growing, healthy, human endothelial cells. Indeed, the simultaneous incorporation of the anticancer drugs, phenoxodiol or sunitinib, together with plasmid DNA encoding green fluorescent protein, into these nanoparticles allows a targeted pharmacological antitumor effect and furthermore, selective transfection of a reporter gene, to detect these cancer cells. The combined targeted therapy and detection strategy described here could be exploited for liver cancer therapy and diagnostics, with a moderate safety profile, and may also be a potential tool for other types of cancer.

摘要：Conventional 2D intestinal models cannot precisely recapitulate biomimetic features in vitro and thus are unsuitable for various pharmacokinetic applications,development of disease models,and understanding the host-microbiome ***,recently,efforts have been directed toward recreating in vitro models with intestine-associated unique 3D crypt-villus(for small intestine)or crypt-lumen(for large intestine)*** review comprehensively delineates the current advancements in this research area in terms of the different microfabrication technologies(photolithography,laser ablation,and 3D bioprinting)employed and the physiological relevance of the obtained models in mimicking the features of native intestinal tissue.A major thrust of the manuscript is also on highlighting the dynamic interplay between intestinal cells(both the stem cells and differentiated ones)and different biophysical,biochemical,and mechanobiological cues along with interaction with other cell types and intestinal microbiome,providing goals for the future developments in this *** article also manifests an outlook toward the application of induced pluripotent stem cells in the context of intestinal tissue *** a concluding note,challenges and prospects for clinical translation of 3D patterned intestinal tissue models have been discussed.

摘要：The optimization of the scaffolds to provide a suitable matrix and accelerate the regeneration process is vital for bone tissue ***,poor mechanical and biological characteristics remain the primary challenges that must be *** example,although bredigite(Br)has shown great potential for application in bone tissue engineering,it easily fails in *** the present work,these challenges are addressed by reinforcing the Br matrix with nanosheets of graphene oxide(rGO)that have been reduced by bovine serum albumin(BSA)in order to enhance the mechanical properties and biological *** reduction of graphene oxide by BSA improves the water stability of the nanosheets and provides an electrostatic interaction between theBSA-rGO nanosheets and theBr *** high thermal conductivity of theBSA-rGO nanosheets decreases the porosity of the Br by transferring heat to the core of the ***,the addition of BSA-rGO nanosheets into the Br matrix enhances the adhesion of G-292 cells on the surface of the *** findings suggest that the tablet consisting of BSA-rGO-reinforced Br has encouraging potential for application in bone tissue engineering.

摘要：Injection therapy for diabetes has poor patient compliance,and the pain occurring at the site of subcutaneous injections causes significant inconvenience to diabetic *** this work,to demonstrate the benefits of an alternative drug delivery technique that overcomes these issues,methacrylated gelatin hydrogel-forming microneedles integrated with metformin were developed to adjust blood glucose levels in diabetic *** methacryloyl microneedles(GelMA-MNs)with different degrees of substitution were successfully prepared by a micro-molding *** resultant GelMA-MNs exhibited excellent mechanical properties and moisture ***,an anti-diabetic drug,was further encapsulated into the GelMA-MNs,and its release rate could be controlled by the three-dimensional cross-linked network of microneedles,thereby exhibiting sustained drug release behaviors in vitro and implying a better therapeutic effect compared with that of subcutaneous injection in diabetic *** drug release period could be significantly prolonged by improving the cross-link density of *** results of hypoglycemic effect evaluation show that the application of GelMA-MNs for transdermal delivery in diabetic rats has promising benefits for diabetes treatment.