摘要：Electrochemical lithium extraction from salt lakes is an effective strategy for obtaining lithium at a low ***,the elevated Mg:Li ratio and the presence of numerous coexisting ions in salt lake brines give rise to challenges,such as prolonged lithium extraction periods,diminished lithium extraction efficiency,and considerable environmental *** this work,Li FePO4(LFP)served as the electrode material for electrochemical lithium *** conductive network in the LFP electrode was optimized by adjusting the type of conductive *** approach resulted in high lithium extraction efficiency and extended cycle *** the single conductive agent of acetylene black(AB)or multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)was replaced with the mixed conductive agent of AB/MWCNTs,the average diffusion coefficient of Li+in the electrode increased from 2.35×10^(-9)or 1.77×10^(-9)to 4.21×10^(-9)cm^(2)·s^(-1).At the current density of 20 mA·g^(-1),the average lithium extraction capacity per gram of LFP electrode increased from 30.36 mg with the single conductive agent(AB)to 35.62 mg with the mixed conductive agent(AB/MWCNTs).When the mixed conductive agent was used,the capacity retention of the electrode after 30 cycles reached 82.9%,which was considerably higher than the capacity retention of 65.8%obtained when the single AB was ***,the electrode with mixed conductive agent of AB/MWCNTs provided good cycling *** the conductive agent content decreased or the loading capacity increased,the electrode containing the mixed conductive agent continued to show excellent electrochemical ***,a self-designed,highly efficient,continuous lithium extraction device was *** electrode utilizing the AB/MWCNT mixed conductive agent maintained excellent adsorption capacity and cycling performance in this *** work provides a new perspective for the electrochemical extraction of lithium using LFP electrodes.

摘要：A validated numerical model was established to simulate gas−liquid flow behaviors in the oxygen-enriched side-blown bath *** model included the slip velocity between phases and the gas thermal expansion *** modeling results were verified with theoretical correlations and experiments,and the nozzle-eroded states in practice were also involved in the *** comparison,it is confirmed that the thermal expansion effect influences the flow pattern significantly,which may lead to the backward motion of airflow and create a potential risk to production ***,the influences of air injection velocity and furnace width on airflow behavior were investigated to provide operating and design *** is found that the thin layer melt,which avoids high-rate oxygen airflow eroding nozzles,shrinks as the injection velocity increases,but safety can be guaranteed when the velocity ranges from 175 to 275 m/***,the isoline patterns and heights of thin layers change slightly when the furnace width increases from 2.2 to 2.8 m,indicating that the furnace width shows a limited influence on production safety.

摘要：V_(2)O_(5),which has multicolor and energy storage properties,is a promising electrochromic material for multifunctional electrochromic devices,but its practical application is limited by its poor lifespan and long switching *** this work,high-performance V_(2)O_(5)/TiO_(2)films were fabricated by spraying a V_(2)O_(5)solution on in situ-grown TiO_(2)*** to the porous structure formed between the TiO_(2)nanorods and the remarkable electron transfer performance of TiO_(2),the switching time of the V_(2)O_(5)/TiO_(2)films ***,the strong adhesion between the TiO_(2)nanorods and F-doped tin oxide(FTO)glass and the increased surface roughness of the substrates significantly improved the cycling stability of the V_(2)O_(5)/TiO_(2)*** a large transmittance modulation(47.8%at 668 nm),fast response speed(τ_(c)=5.1 s,τ_(b)=4.2 s),and long lifespan,V_(2)O_(5)/TiO_(2)films were used as electrodes for the electrochromic energy storage device(EESD),which switched in six colors through color overlay:dark orange,sandy yellow,green-yellow,yellow-green,dark green,and dark *** by pixel displays,EESDs were designed by segmenting V_(2)O_(5)films to stagger the display of the electrochromic and ion storage layers,which presented 11 types of information based on different combinations of *** work provides inspiration for developing multifunctional electrochromic devices,especially for camouflage and information displays.

摘要：All-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)utilizing a nonflowing and low-flammable solid-state electrolyte are considered the most promising candidate to tackle the safety issue of stateof-the-art lithium ion batteries[1].However,recent studies have revealed that ASSLBs may not be as safe as *** high temperatures,various aging and degradation processes evolve inside ASSLBs,such as electrode decay,electrolyte decomposition。

摘要：Short-range ordering(SRO)is one of the most important structural features of high entropy alloys(HEAs).However,the chemical and structural analyses of SROs are very difficult due to their small size,complexed compositions,and varied *** electron microscopy(TEM)as well as its aberration correction techniques are powerful for characterizing SROs in these compositionally complex *** this short communication,we summarized recent progresses regarding characterization of SROs using TEM in the field of *** using advanced TEM techniques,not only the existence of SROs was confirmed,but also the effect of SROs on the deformation mechanism was ***,the perspective related to application of TEM techniques in HEAs are also discussed.

摘要：受到水合镁离子的高脱溶能垒和不良界面水分解行为的限制,水系镁离子电池通常受制于缓慢的离子传输动力学和严重的阴极溶解.为了克服这些障碍,受细胞膜两亲性结构的启发,我们成功构建了一种由疏水性聚(3,4-乙二氧基噻吩)(PEDOT)和亲水性α-MnO_(2)基底组成的MnO_(2)碳基阴极.结合实验和理论计算结果分析,PEDOT层可以有效提高整体电极的导电性,降低水合Mg^(2+)的脱溶能垒,并抑制阴极溶解,从而提高复合电极的性能.因此,本文所制备的复合电极表现出优越的速率性能(58.4mA hg^(-1),3Ag^(-1))和增强的长期循环稳定性(1000个循环后85.92mA hg^(-1),2Ag^(-1)),优于原始的α-MnO_(2)阴极.这项基于生物启发设计理念的工作将为水合镁离子电池的发展提供创新方向.

摘要：磁场触发的催化剂轨道电子自旋排列已成为促进析氧反应的一种有趣而可行的策略.然而,具有强d-d库仑相互作用的高熵合金(HEAs)催化剂中的磁场增强机制尚未得到充分挖掘.在此,我们设计了具有优异软磁性的高熵合金金属片,在微小磁场下表现出显著的磁场增强催化作用,其磁导率可作为评估磁场增强的描述因子.具体地,仅施加50 mT的磁场,(FeCoNi)_(82.5)Cr_(17.5)HEAs的过电位下降就超过了36mV@10 mA cm^(-2).此外,过电位的降低与HEA的磁导率呈线性关系.原位拉曼光谱与理论计算结果表明,施加磁场可显著提高自旋密度,改善催化剂的3d电子与*O自由基的2p轨道之间的自旋相互作用,从而有效降低速率决定步骤(*O→*OOH)的能量障碍,进而促进O-O的形成.

摘要：铂(Pt)是质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFCs)阳极氢氧化反应(HOR)中最先进的电催化剂.然而,Pt催化剂对CO(工业低成本氢燃料中的杂质)极度敏感从而中毒,这会引起器件性能的急剧衰退,导致器件运行成本高.因此,提高Pt催化剂的CO耐受性对PEMFCs的商业化推广至关重要.在此,我们设计合成了一种独特的PtNiW@WO_(x)核壳纳米线来提高Pt基催化剂对CO的耐受能力.机理研究表明,表面无定形的WO_(x)壳层可以作为分子围栏,在动力学上阻碍CO扩散到达Pt位点.在热力学上,Ni和W元素合金化产生的电子效应可以使Pt的d带中心降低,减弱CO在Pt位点上的化学吸附.此外,亲氧W元素可以加速水的解离,提供更多OH活性物种,促进CO的氧化脱附.因此,在1000ppm CO/H_(2)条件下,所设计的PtNiW@WO_(x)核壳纳米线催化剂表现出优异的HOR抗CO中毒性能,在4000 s后仍能保持超过90%的HOR电流密度,超过了原始的PtNi纳米线和目前报道的绝大多数Pt基催化剂.

摘要：层状无机材料的弱层间耦合和大面积表面为构建低导热性无机固体材料提供了基本框架.合成具有足够散射和非谐波性的稳定层状材料,从而降低热导率,仍是一项挑战.本文在层状无机FeOCl材料体系中,通过一步氧化还原反应成功获得了一种结构稳定的富含Fe^(2+)的层状材料,实现了表面和界面的同步改性,并实现了超低的热导率.具体而言,系统的X射线吸收精细结构(XAFS)分析和电子能量损失光谱(EELS)分析表明,碱金属原子的层间插层和表面缺陷的引入诱导了大量Fe^(2+)的存在,从而增强了其非谐波性和声子散射.此外,声子态密度(PDOS)分布也提供了确凿的证据,证明了散射概率的提高和声子模式整体的软化.所制得的层状无机材料Fe(III)_(1−n)Fe(II)_(n)O_(1−x)Cl[K^(+)]_(m)不仅结构稳定,而且在298 K时的热导率比原始FeOCl降低了近60%,低至0.29 W m^(−1) K^(−1),这在层状无机材料中是极低的.这项研究为低导热层状材料的设计提供了新的视角.

摘要：Exploring the production and application of clean energy has always been the core of sustainable *** a clean and sustainable technology,electrocatalysis has been receiving widespread *** is crucial to achieve efficient,stable and cheap ***,the traditional“trial and error”method is time-consuming,laborious and *** recent years,with the significant increase in computing power,computations have played an important role in electrocatalyst ***,it is still difficult to search for advanced electrocatalysts in the vast chemical space through traditional density functional theory(DFT)***,the development of machine learning and interdisciplinary integration will inject new impetus into targeted design of *** learning is able to predict electrochemical performances with an accuracy close to *** we provide an overview of the application of machine learning in electrocatalyst design,including the prediction of structure,thermodynamic properties and kinetic *** also discuss the potential of explicit solvent model combined with machine learning molecular dynamics in this ***,the favorable circumstances and challenges are outlined for the future development of machine learning in *** studies on electrochemical processes by machine learning will further realize targeted design of high-efficiency electrocatalysts.