摘要：目前螺旋碳纳米材料作为催化电化学反应的催化剂的研究较少.螺旋碳纳米结构对电催化性能的影响更是不明确.本文首次报导以螺旋状的金属有机框架化合物为模板高温热解制备螺旋碳纳米棒.该螺旋碳纳米棒在电催化氧还原反应中展现出比普通碳纳米棒高的催化性能.本文提出了一个制备螺旋碳纳米棒的简易有效的方法,并为利用螺旋效应设计高效电催化剂提供了新思路.

摘要：Platinum-based anticancer drugs, including cisplatin and its analogues, have played important roles in the clinical treatment of solid tumors over the past 38 years. However, poor selectivity, high toxicity and intrinsic or acquired drug resistance profoundly limit their application, which encourages the development of novel transition metal-based anticancer agents with different mechanisms of action. To this end, transition metal complexes that can simultaneously act on more than one target, termed as single-molecule multi-targeting complexes, have attracted increasing attention because of their enhanced efficacy and diminished chance of drug resistance. In this review, we systematically discuss the recent progress in the development of platinum- and ruthenium-based anticancer agents, in particular the rational design of platinum and ruthenium complexes with multi-targeting features.

摘要：实现材料的顺电-铁电相变可以丰富铁电材料的多样性.本文通过设计和引入A位非化学计量缺陷,在Ba_(0.9)(Fe_(0.5)Nb_(0.5))O_(3-δ)薄膜中实现了晶格畸变,诱导出室温铁电.薄膜中引入的四方畸变和局部位错促进了结构的对称性破缺以及自发极化的出现.在这里我们成功实现了室温下剩余极化Pr约为8μC cm^(-2)的铁电性和高达450℃的相稳定性温度我们的研究工作为通过缺陷工程发现和调节新型铁电材料提供了一种实用的方法.

摘要：Existing technologies used to detect monosodium urate(MSU)crystals for gout diagnosis are not ideal due to their low sensitivity and complexity of *** purpose of this study was to explore whether aggregation-induced emission luminogens(AIEgens)can be used for highly specific imaging of MSU crystals to assist in the diagnosis of ***,we developed a series of luminogens(i.e.,tetraphenyl ethylene(TPE)-NH_(2),TPE-2NH_(2),TPE-4NH_(2),TPE-COOH,TPE-2COOH,TPE-4COOH,and TPE-Ketoalkyne),each of which was then evenly mixed with MSU ***,optimal fluorescence imaging of each of the luminogens was characterized by a confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSM).This approach was used for imaging standard samples of MSU,hydroxyapatite(HAP)crystals,and mixed samples with 1:1 mass ratio of MSU/*** also imaged samples from mouse models of acute gouty arthritis,HAP deposition disease,and comorbidities of ***,CLSM imaging results were compared with those of compensated polarized light microscopy,and we assessed the biosafety of TPE-Ketoalkyne in the RAW264.7 cell ***,CLSM time series and three-dimensional imaging were performed on MSU crystal samples from human gouty synovial fluid and *** a promising candidate for MSU crystal labeling,TPE-Ketoalkyne was found to detect MSU crystals accurately and rapidly in standard samples,animal samples,and human samples,and could precisely distinguish gout from HAP deposition *** work demonstrates that TPE-Ketoalkyne is suitable for highly specific and timely imaging of MSU crystals in gouty arthritis and may facilitate future research on MSU crystal-related diseases.

摘要：摩擦发光(ML)是由机械力作用在材料上引起的发光现象。近年来,金属配合物ML材料因其独特的光学发射特性而受到广泛关注,在应力传感、防伪、结构健康监测、医疗健康、结构检测等领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文综述了近年来具有摩擦发光性质的金属配合物材料的研究进展,包括镧系金属配合物和过渡金属配合物。此外,还讨论了摩擦发光的产生机制、设计原理、光物理性质及其应用前景。本综述将为构建金属配合物摩擦发光材料以及拓展其在应力传感、结构检测等方面的应用提供启发和指导。

摘要：Assessment of the nitrogen （N） balance and its long-term trend is necessary for management practices because of the negative environmental effects caused by an imbalance of reactive N in grassland ecosystems. In this study, we designed a module for the IAP-N （Improving Anthropogenic Practices of managing reactive Nitrogen） model to enable it to assess the N budget of regional grasslands. The module was developed to quantify the individual components of the N inputs and outputs for grassland ecosystems using livestock and human populations, grassland area, and fossil-energy consumption data as the model inputs. In this paper, the estimation approaches for individual components of N budget, data acquisition, and parameter selection are described in detail. The model was applied to assess the N budget of Inner Mongolia in 2006 at the county scale. The simulation results show that the most important pathway of N outputs from the grassland was livestock intake. The N output from livestock intake was especially large in the middle of Inner Mongolia. Biological fixation, atmospheric deposition, and livestock excreta deposition were comparably important for the N inputs into the grassland. The N budget for Inner Mongolia grassland in 2006 was -1.7×10 8 ±0.6×10 8 kg. The case study for Inner Mongolia shows that the new grassland module for the IAP-N model can capture the characteristics of the N budget in a semiarid grassland.

摘要：金属硫系化合物作为水相锌电池的高性能阴极具有很大的潜力.然而,低可达表面和剧烈的体积膨胀限制了其整体性能和实际应用.为此,采用相工程策略结合空心结构设计,调控OH−在电极表面的吸附/脱附,能显著提高电极的整体电化学性能.本研究首次利用Se@C纳米棒模板,通过原位硒化过程可控合成了一系列碳纳米管(CNT)负载的镍硒化物,包括立方型NiSe_(2)NiSe_(2)/Ni_(0.85)Se复合材料、六方型Ni_(0.85)Se.优化后的NiSe_(2)/Ni_(0.85)Se/CNT复合材料具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、碳骨架空心等优点,具有616Cg^(−1)的高比容量、优良的倍率性能和稳定的循环寿命.通过一系列的非原位表征和DFT计算,深入研究了其内部的法拉第机制.结果表明,所制备的Ni//Zn电池在3485 W kg^(−1)时具有311.4 W h kg^(−1)的高能量密度和较长的循环寿命.本研究为硒化镍基电极材料的设计提供了一种巧妙的策略,且深入研究了其在碱性锌电池中的法拉第机理.

摘要：我们表明一个简单、可控制的方法综合大区域，由优化化学蒸汽免职(CVD ) 的铁底层上的很少层 graphene 用甲烷和氢的混合物的方法。基于 Fe-C 阶段图的分析，为 Fe 表面上的 graphene 的成功的合成的一个合适的过程被设计。适当温度和冷却过程被发现在高度水晶的很少层 graphene 的合成很重要。基于 Graphene 的地效果晶体管(联邦货物税) 设备用产生很少层 graphene 被制作，并且与 3001150 cm2/ 的提取活动性显示出好质量(V 敢椠 ?? 敤瑢吗？

摘要：开发具有丰富活性位点和高本征活性的磷化钴催化剂,用于高效且稳定的析氢反应(HER)和析氧反应(OER)具有重要意义.本工作通过精准地控制球形膦酸钴的热还原温度合理地构建了新型的碳包裹的CoP-Co_(2)P多晶型物.独特的多级孔结构和CoP-Co_(2)P之间的异质界面不仅提高了活性位点的数量,而且还保证了优异的内在催化活性.所制备的催化剂展现出优异的电催化活性和稳定性(对于全pH值HER(0.5 mol L^(-1) H_(2)SO_(4):81 mV@10 mA cm^(-2);1.0 mol L^(-1) KOH:109 mV@10 mA cm^(-2);1.0 mol L^(-1) PBS:227 mV@10 mA cm^(-2))和碱性OER(1.0 mol L^(-1) KOH:1.53 V@10 mA cm^(-2))).在作为双电极电解槽中全解水反应的双功能电催化剂时,该材料可以在1.60 V的低电压下,1.0 mol L^(-1) KOH电解液中提供10 mA cm^(-2)的电流密度.本文还详细研究了CoP-Co_(2)P多晶型物在催化反应过程中的结构析出.本工作为用于各种电化学技术中的高效且价格合理的金属磷化物的设计和制备提供了一种新的方法.

摘要：Drug administration customized to individual cells could intrinsically address cancer heterogeneity and provide a safe and effective method for delivering personalized treatment. To accomplish this, we developed a smart nanodrug delivery system characterized by cancer cell-targeted drug delivery and intracellular biomarker-responsive drug activation. This system was composed of a long-nicked DNA duplex formed by tandem hybridization of two extended antisense oligonucleotides whose ends were separately blocked with a cancer cell-specific aptamer, AS1411,and a replaceable anti-biomarker probe(ABP). We demonstrated that this DNA nanodrug was directed to cancer cells with the guidance power of AS 1411 and then activated by the presence of a given intracellular biomarker. By using such a belt-and-braces strategy, this DNA nanodrug system could safely and efficiently accelerate apoptosis of target cancer cells. Moreover, since the expression level of biomarkers tends to indicate the specific physiological state of individual cells, biomarker-responsive activation of the nanodrug is expected to enable customized drug administration at the cellular level.