摘要：Reverse water gas shift（RWGS） reaction can be served as a pivotal stage of transitioning the abundant CO;resource into chemicals or hydrocarbon fuels, which is attractive for the CO;utilization and of eventually significance in enabling a rebuilt ecological system for unconventional fuels. This concept is appealing when the process is considered as a solution for the storage of renewable energy, which may also find a variety of potential end uses for the outer space exploration. However, a big challenge to this issue is the rational design of high temperature endurable RWGS catalysts with desirable CO product selectivity. In this work, we present a comprehensive overview of recent publications on this research topic,mainly focusing on the catalytic performance of RWGS reaction over three major kinds of heterogeneous catalysts, including supported metal catalysts, mixed oxide catalysts and transition metal carbides. The reaction thermodynamic analysis, kinetics and mechanisms are also described in detail. The present review attempts to provide a general guideline about the construction of well-performed heterogeneous catalysts for the RWGS reaction, as well as discussing the challenges and further prospects of this process.

摘要：具有高比表面积及规则孔道结构的离子型共价有机框架(COF)材料表现出广泛的应用前景.本文设计合成了一种基于联吡啶嗡盐的阳离子型COF材料(PS-COF-1).PS-COF-1比表面积为2703 m^(2) g^(-1),高于目前报道的其他离子型COF材料.PS-COF-1具有固定的一维通道(~4.5 nm)、良好的化学稳定性和耐辐照稳定性,表现出优异的吸附ReO_(4)^(-)(最大吸附量为1262 mg g^(-1))和^(99)TcO_(4)^(-)性能.进一步研究表明,PS-COF-1在高离子强度下表现出快速吸附动力学、高吸附容量和对^(99)TcO_(4)^(-)和ReO_(4)^(-)的高选择性,在模拟美国汉福德低活性废物流条件下成功选择性去除了^(99)TcO_(4)^(-).此外,PS-COF-1能够在10 min内将ReO_(4)^(-)和^(99)TcO_(4)^(-)污染水净化至饮用水级别.密度泛函理论计算表明,PS-COF-1对低电荷密度阴离子ReO_(4)^(-)和^(99)TcO_(4)^(-)具有强的亲和力(优于其他常见阴离子,如Cl^(-),NO_(3)^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),CO_(3)^(2-)),阐明了PS-COF-选择性吸附^(99)TcO_(4)^(-)的机理.本文展示了一种用于选择性捕获放射性核素新型阳离子COF吸附剂,为放射性污染治理提供了重要的理论依据和指导.

摘要：我们这里开发简单湿化学特别在碱的水的状况下面通过 epoxide aminolysis 准备共有原子价 functionalized graphenes (FG ) 。显著地，一系列典型 monoamines，例如工业猎人 Jeffamine？有吸水或恐水病的 polyetheramine 链的 M-2070 和 M-2005 聚合物，断然控告的 2-amino-N， N， Ntrimethylpropanaminium，否定地控告的 sulfanilic 酸的、平 oligopeptide 顺序，能是有效地，有共有原子价 functionalization 并且部分的 graphene 氧化物先锋的血小板上的 grafted 减少了特征。这策略提供研究人员设计并且综合的一条灵巧、方便的途径解决方案可处理，为用电子墨水，药搬运人和 biomedicines 的有势力应用程序的 biocompatible 和 functionalized graphenes。当前的学习的扩大在我们的实验室是活跃地进行中的。

摘要：近年来,钠离子电池电极材料引起了研究者们极大的兴趣.过渡金属硒化物具有高钠离子存储容量,是一种具有前景的钠离子电池负极材料.然而,该类材料较低的电导率以及钠离子脱嵌过程中巨大的体积膨胀,导致了其较差的钠离子电池倍率性能和循环寿命.本工作采用二维的双金属有机框架材料为模板,设计制造了多孔铁掺杂NiSe_(2)纳米片材料(Fe-NiSe_(2)@C NSs),该结构具有充分暴露的活性位点,增强的电导率,丰富的空隙和短电子传输路径,易于适应钠离子脱嵌带来的体积膨胀应力,并具有快速的电荷转移动力学.作为钠离子电池负极材料时,Fe-NiSe_(2)@C NSs表现出高比容量(5 A g^(-1)电流密度下为302 mA h g^(-1))和优异的循环稳定性(5 A g^(-1)的电流密度下循环1000圈容量保持率为99%).此外,该材料在与Na3V2(PO4)2O2F正极材料组成的钠离子全电池中也表现出了高能量密度(107 W h kg^(-1)).大量非原位表征和理论计算进一步验证了Fe掺杂使电子密度增大,对于提升Fe-NiSe_(2)@C NSs的钠离子电池综合性能具有重要意义.本研究为制备高性能钠离子电池电极材料提供了新思路.

摘要：The use of non-equilibrium plasmas for the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts is a field that has not been explored intensively. The main reasons for the recent increase of research activity in this field are related to the advantages that go with the technique of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition （PECVD）. The most principal of these advantages are the possibility to avoid the use of environmentally harmful solvents and the one-step nature of the procedure, making it very time and labor efficient. Non-equilibrium plasma technology, more in particular dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） technology, has been applied in this work for the synthesis of hybrid tin-silicate materials to be used as a heterogeneous catalyst in the isomerization of glucose into fructose. Atomizers, innovative devices which make it possible to inject nanosized precursor liquids into the plasma zone, are used instead of applying vapor phase techniques, where the amount of precursor is limited by the vapor pressure of the liquid. A design of experiments approach has been employed to investigate the effect of the plasma parameters, namely gas flow, frequency and power density, on the catalytic properties of the catalysts within a well-defined parameter field. It has been found that indeed these parameters, together with the molar ratio of Si/Sn, have an important influence on the activity, selectivity, and thus yield of the produced chemicals.

摘要：Aiming at the problem of luminance uniformity for organic lighting-emitting diode (OLED) panels,a new brightness calculating method based on bilinear interpolation is proposed. The irradiance time of each pixel reaching the same lumi-nance is figured out by Matlab. Adopting the 64×32-pixel,single color and passive matrix OLED panel as adjusting luminance uniformity panel,a new circuit compensating scheme based on FPGA is designed. VHDL is used to make each pixel's irradiance time in one frame period written in program. The irradiance brightness is controlled by changing its irradiance time,and finally,luminance compensation of the panel is realized. The simulation result indicates that the design is reasonable.

摘要：具有广谱抗菌活性的纳米抗菌剂的出现是抗生素的一次革命性进化,然而其细菌捕获能力及杀菌效率低致使它仍然无法达到商品化应用的要求.受到蜘蛛捕虫行为的启发,本研究设计了一种基于银和腺嘌呤配合物合成的蜘蛛网状的纳米抗菌材料,从而实现高效的细菌捕获和杀伤.这种纳米蛛网材料能够通过静电相互作用并利用其网状的形态特征有效地吸附并捕获细菌,此外,其物理溶膜机制和活性氧杀菌机制协同作用也使其具备更优异的抗菌活性.由该纳米蛛网材料制成的创可贴与市售的商品化创可贴相比,对耐药革兰氏阴性的大肠杆菌和耐药革兰氏阳性的金黄色葡萄球菌均表现出更优异的抗菌效果.

摘要：电化学CO_(2)还原(CO_(2)RR)是一种很有前景的技术,可以将二氧化碳转化为多种增值化学品,从而达到减缓温室效应的目的.然而,实现目标产品的高催化活性、选择性和稳定性仍然是一个很大的挑战.本文通过还原Sn掺杂的Bi2S3制备了间隙掺杂的Snx-Bi (x为Sn与Bi的原子比,x=1/2,1/16,1/24或1/40)纳米线束(NBs).值得注意的是,Sn1/24-Bi NBs在1400 mV的宽电位窗口内表现出超高的甲酸盐选择性(从-0.5到-1.9 V vs.可逆氢电极(RHE),法拉第效率超过90%),在-1.9 V ***时,电流密度达到了-319 mA cm^(-2),可满足工业使用需求.此外,还实现了在~-200 mA cm^(-2)条件下超过84 h的超长稳定性.实验结果和密度泛函理论计算表明,间隙掺杂Sn优化了*OCHO中间体的吸附亲和力,降低了铋催化剂的电子转移能垒,从而获得了显著的CO_(2)RR性能.本研究为设计具有优异催化活性、选择性和耐久性的掺杂型电催化剂用于CO_(2)RR为甲酸盐提供了启示.

摘要：二维过渡金属碳化物(MXenes)对含氧中间产物的吸附能垒高,使得MXenes对产氧反应(OER)的活性差,因此阻碍着其在高性能水分解和燃料电池中的应用.本文中,我们发现引入零维石墨烯量子点(GQDs)的M_(n)X_(n-1)O_(2)@GQDs的OER活性具有明显的pH依赖性,且其相关性可通过石墨烯量子点来进行调控,^(18)O同位素标记-飞行时间二次离子质谱分析表明GQDs的引入显著提升了晶格氧参与OER的程度,证明了M_(n)X_(n-1)O_(2)MXenes的晶格氧可以被GQDs激活.在晶格氧被激活的情况下,M_(n)X_(n-1)O_(2)@GQDs的电催化OER动力学过程则由传统的吸附演变机制转变为晶格氧机制.在10 mA cm^(-2)的基准电流密度下,所制备的0D/2D Ti_(3)C_(2)O_(2)@GQDs异质结构的过电位被大幅降低至390 mV(纯Ti_(3)C_(2)O_(2)高达530 mV).进一步通过优化厚度和导电基底,在10 mA cm^(-2)电流密度下的过电位可被降低到250 mV,塔菲尔斜率被抑制到39 mV dec^(-1),该结果优于目前最先进的MXenes基OER催化剂和商用贵金属催化剂.本工作将晶格氧机制的应用范围从钙钛矿扩展到MXenes,也为提升M_(n)X_(n-1)O_(2)的OER活性提供了一种全新策略,对MXenes的材料设计和电催化机理的深入理解都有积极意义.

摘要：在工艺的设备启用讲道理地设计的薄电影的使用是在材料科学的一个公认的目标。然而，与控制得好的尺寸和生长方向用高度订的超分子的体系结构构造如此的薄电影留下了一逃犯目标。这里，我们介绍一个 layer-by-layer 协议种包括 arachidic 酸和施主二度(ethylenedioxy ) 的基于分子的磁性的售票员的混合薄电影 tetrathiafulvalene (BEDO-TTF ) 作为器官的部件和 Cu/Gd 建筑群作为无机的部件。分层的混合薄电影的构造被采用 Langmuir-Blodgett 方法以周围的条件完成，它在电影厚度上提供好控制并且在单层分子收拾行李。是由 X 光检查衍射示威了，这些电影与不同器官、无机的 sublattices 是水晶的，在 BEDO-TTF 分子的层与无机的层被连接的地方。由于 Langmuir-Blodgett 免职技术的灵活性，这结果与各种各样的功能向秩序井然的电影的准备显示一条线路，自愿与 BEDO-TFF 的单位被相结合的无机的混合物的决定了。而且，在许多底层上扔电影的能力在便宜底层上为降低费用的设备制造建立潜力。