摘要：The purpose of this review is to provide medical researchers,especially those without a bioinformatics background,with an easy-to-understand summary of the concepts and technologies used in microbiome ***,we define primary concepts such as microbiota,microbiome,and ***,we discuss study design schemes,the methods of sample size calculation,and the methods for improving the reliability of *** emphasize the importance of negative and positive controls in this ***,we discuss statistical analysis methods used in microbiome research,focusing on problems with multiple comparisons and ways to compare β-diversity between ***,we provide step-by-step pipelines for bioinformatics *** summary,the meticulous study design is a key step to obtaining meaningful results,and appropriate statistical methods are important for accurate interpretation of microbiome *** step-by-step pipelines provide researchers with insights into newly developed bioinformatics analysis methods.

摘要：The hydrogenation of CO_(2) into methanol has attracted much attention and In_(2)O_(3) is a promising *** metal elements into In_(2)O_(3)(M/In_(2)O_(3))is one of the main strategies to improve its ***,its mechanism and active sites remain unclear and need to be further ***,the noble‐metal‐free In_(x)‐Co_(y) oxides catalysts were ***‐improved performance and obvious product selectivity shift were *** optimized catalyst(In_(1)‐Co_(4))(9.7 mmol g_(cat)^(–1) h^(–1))showed five times methanol yields than pure In_(2)O_(3)(2.2 mmol g_(cat)^(–1) h^(–1))(P=4.0 MPa,T=300°C,GHSV=24000 cm^(3)_(STP) g_(cat)^(–1) h^(–1),H_(2):CO_(2)=3).And the cobalt‐catalyzed CO_(2) methanation activity was suppressed,although cobalt was most of the metal *** unravel this selectivity shift,detailed catalysts performance evaluation,together with several in‐situ and ex‐situ characterizations,were employed on cobalt and In‐Co for comparative *** results indicated CO_(2) hydrogenation on cobalt and In‐Co catalyst both followed the formate pathway,and In‐Co reconstructed and generated a surface In_(2)O_(3)‐enriched core‐shell‐like structure under a reductive *** enriched In_(2)O_(3) at the surface significantly enhanced CO_(2) adsorption capacity and well stabilized the intermediates of CO_(2) ***_(2) and carbon‐containing intermediates adsorbed much stronger on In‐Co than cobalt led to a feasible surface C/H ratio,thus allowing the*CH_(3)O to desorb to produce CH_(3)OH instead of being over‐hydrogenated to CH_(4).