摘要：基于经典的Kelvin线热源模型和Kavanaugh圆柱源理论模型,运用负荷叠加、负荷阶跃、负荷累积的思想,结合人工神经网络建立了土壤源热泵系统地下埋管换热器仿真优化模型。与实验和理论已验证过的圆柱源理论模型的比较分析表明,地下埋管神经网络优化模型相对于传统的地下埋管解析解模型具有良好的计算精度和泛化能力,该模型应用于土壤源热泵系统的长期运行可以大大缩短计算时间,为土壤源热泵系统的优化及设计提供更有效率的模拟计算方法。

摘要：ZnO is a typical direct wide-bandgap semiconductor material, which has various morphologies and unique physical and chemical properties, and is widely used in the fields of energy, information technology, biomedicine, and others. The precise design and controllable fabrication of nanostructures have gradually become important avenues to further enhancing the performance of Zn O-based functional nanodevices. This paper introduces the continuous development of patterning technologies, provides a comprehensive review of the optical lithography and laser interference lithography techniques for the controllable fabrication of Zn O nanostructures, and elaborates on the potential applications of such patterned Zn O nanostructures in solar energy, water splitting, light emission devices, and nanogenerators. Patterned Zn O nanostructures with highly controllable morphology and structure possess discrete three-dimensional space structure, enlarged surface area, and improved light capture ability, which realize the efficient carrier regulation,achieve highly efficient energy conversion, and meet the diverse requirements of functional nanodevices. The patterning techniques proposed for the precise design of Zn O nanostructures not only have important guiding significance for the controllable fabrication of complex nanostructures of other materials, but also open up a new route for the further development of functional nanostructures.

摘要：To address the environmental and health hazards of nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))in water,a denitrification advanced reduction process(ARP)using only formic acid(HCOOH)activated by ultraviolet(UV)light was *** efficiency,influencing factors,mechanism,and kinetics of the reduction were investigated through component analysis and radical *** show that,after 90 min of UV illumination,the reduction and gas conversion ratios of 50 mg/L NO_(3)^(-)-N reach 99.9%and 99.8%,respectively,under 9 mM of C_(0)(HCOOH),pH=3.0,and N_(2) ***,96.7%of HCOOH is consumed and converted into *** NO_(3)^(-)-N conversion process includes the transformation to NO_(2)^(-)-N,followed by a further reduction to gas and a direct conversion into gas,introducing small amounts of nitrite and *** carbon dioxide anion radical(·CO_(2)^(-))from HCOOH/HCOO^(-)is the principal cause of NO_(3)^(-)-N reduction by UV/HCOOH/N 2 *** contrast,·CO_(2)^(-)production is caused by the hydroxyl radical(·OH).The NO_(3)^(-)-N reduction efficiency is enhanced by the increase in the light intensity,considerably affected by the initial pH,and less affected by inorganic anions,including Cl^(-),H_(2)PO_(4)^(-),and HCO_(3)^(-)/CO_(3)^(2-).The initial HCOOH concentration and light intensity are the main factors that influence the NO_(3)^(-)-N reduction rate.