摘要：Soil phosphomonoesterase plays a critical role in controlling phosphorus(P) cycling for crop nutrition,especially in P-deficient soils.A 6-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate soil phosphomonoesterase activities,kinetics and thermodynamics during rice growth stages after consistent swine manure application,to understand the impacts of swine manure amendment rates on soil chemical and enzymatic properties,and to investigate the correlations between soil enzymatic and chemical *** experiment was set out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and five treatments including three swine manure rates(26,39,and 52 kg P ha^(-1),representing low,middle,and high application rates,respectively) and two controls(no-fertilizer and superphosphate at 26 kg P ha^(-1)).The results indicated that the grain yield and soil chemical properties were significantly improved with the application of P-based swine manure from 0 to 39 kg P ha^(-1);however,the differences between the 39(M_(39)) and 52 kg P ha^(-1) treatments(M_(52)) were not *** enzymatic property analysis indicated that acid phosphomonoesterase was the predominant phosphomonoesterase in the tested *** M_(39) and M_(52) treatments had relatively high initial velocity(V_0),maximal velocity(V_(max)),and activation grade(lgN_a) but low Michaelis constant(K_m),temperature coefficient(Q_(10)),activation energy(E_a),and activation enthalpy(ΔH),implying that the M_(39) and M_(52) treatments could stimulate the enzyme-catalyzed reactions more easily than all other *** correlation analysis showed that the distribution of soil phosphomonoesterase activities mainly followed the distributions of total C and total *** on these results,39 kg P ha^(-1) could be recommended as the most appropriate rate of swine manure amendment.

摘要：The development of well-defined TiO2 nanoarchitectures is a versatile strategy to achieve high-efficiency photocatalytic *** this study,mesoporous TiO2 nanofibers consisting of oriented nanocrystals were fabricated by a facile vapothermal-assisted topochemical transformation of preformed H-titanate *** vapothermal temperature is crucial in tuning the microstructures and photocatalytic redox properties of the resulting mesoporous TiO2 *** microstructures were characterized with XRD,TEM,XPS and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms,*** photocatalytic activities were evaluated by photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutant(Rhodamine B as an example)as well as photocatalytic reduction of water to generate hydrogen(H2).The nanofibers vapothermally treated at 150°C showed the highest photocatalytic activity in both oxidation and reduction reactions,2 times higher than that of *** oriented alignment and suitable mesoporosity in the resulting nanofiber architecture were crucial for enhancing photocatalytic *** oriented alignment of anisotropic anatase nanocrystals shall facilitate faster vectorial charge transportation along the nanofibers ***,the suitable mesoporosity and high surface area would also effectively enhance the mass exchange during photocatalytic *** also demonstrate that efficient energy-recovering photocatalytic water treatments could be accomplished by a cascading oxic-anoxic process where the dye is degraded in the oxic phase and hydrogen is generated in the successive anoxic *** study showcases a novel and facile method to fabricate mesoporous TiO2 nanofibers with high photocatalytic activity for both clean energy production and environmental purification.

摘要：Filtering media is anything placed in a filter that changes the quality of water flowing through *** the variety of media available,proper selection of filter media is of great importance for filter *** glass is evaluated as an alternative to silica sand in media filters and is an effective medium with the advantages of lower cost than silica sand,more environmental friendliness as it is a recycled product,and ease to pulverize into different sizes for specific design ***,the filtration efficiency of regenerated recycled glass is limited by the formation of biofilms on its surfaces due to the large number of microorganisms such as bacteria and algae existing in the *** this study,hydrofluoric(HF)acid etched glass spheres(GSs)modified with polydopamine(PDA)and silver nanoparticles(PDA-AgHF/GSs)were fabricated on the surface of soda-lime GSs by HF etching,crystal in situ growth,and PDA *** etching and the modification of PDA coating imparted good hydrophilicity to PDA-Ag-HF/*** modification of the silver coating also rendered PDA-Ag-HF/GSs excellent antibacterial properties and reduced Chlorella adhesion,and inhibited microorganism growth ability by releasing Ag^+.The catechol functional group on the PDA coating could regulate the Ag^+release by *** antibacterial properties,anti-algae adhesion,and controlled release of Ag^+indicate that PDA-Ag-HF/GS coating can effectively inhibit the formation of biofilm on the surface of the material,providing a new strategy for the formation of anti-biofilm.

摘要：CO2 is not only the most important greenhouse gas but also an important resource of elemental carbon and *** the perspective of resource and energy strategy,the conversion of CO2 to chemicals driven by renewable energy is of significance,since it can not only reduce carbon emission by the utilization of CO2 as feedstock but also store low-grade renewable energy as high energy density chemical *** studies on photoelectrocatalytic reduction of CO2 using renewable energy are increasing,artificial bioconversion of CO2 as an important novel pathway to synthesize chemicals has attracted more and more *** simulating the natural photosynthesis process of plants and microorganisms,the artificial bioconversion of CO2 can efficiently synthesize chemicals via a designed and constructed artificial photosynthesis *** review focuses on the recent advancements in artificial bioreduction of CO2,including the key techniques,and artificial biosynthesis of compounds with different carbon *** the basis of the aforementioned discussions,we present the prospects for further development of artificial bioconversion of CO2 to chemicals.

摘要：Heterostructured photocatalysts provide an effective way to achieve enhanced photocatalytic performances through efficient charge *** both wide-and narrow-band-gap photocatalysts have been widely investigated,the charge separation and transfer mechanism at the contacting interface of the two has not been fully ***,a novel SrTiO3/BiOI(STB)heterostructured photocatalyst was successfully fabricated by using a facile *** heterostructure in the photocatalyst extends the photoabsorption to the visible light range,and thus,high photocatalytic NO removal performance can be achieved under visible light irradiation.A combination of experimental and theoretical evidences indicated that the photogenerated electrons from the BiOI semiconductor can directly transfer to the SrTiO3 surface through a preformed electron delivery *** electron transfer was expected between the SrTiO3 and BiOI surfaces under light irradiation,and leads to efficient ROS generation and thus a high NO conversion ***,in situ diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy revealed that STB can better inhibit the accumulation of the toxic intermediate NO2 and catalyze the NO oxidation more *** work presents a new insight into the mechanism of the interfacial charge separation in heterostructures and provides a simple strategy to promote the photocatalytic technology for efficient and safe air purification.

摘要：Surface plasmon resonance(SPR)of metals may provide a way to improve light absorption and utilization of semiconductors,achieving better solar light conversion and photocatalysis *** study uses the advantages of SPR in metallic Bi and artificial defects to cooperatively enhance the photocatalytic performance of *** catalysts were prepared by partial reduction of BiOI to form Bi@defective BiOI,which showed highly enhanced visible photocatalytic activity for NOx *** effects of reductant quantity on the photocatalytic performance of Bi@defective BiOI were *** as-prepared photocatalyst(Bi/BiOI-2)using 2 mmol of reductant NaBH4 showed the most efficient visible light photocatalytic *** enhanced activity can be ascribed to the synergistic effects of metallic Bi and oxygen *** electrons from the valence band tend to accumulate at vacancy states;therefore,the increased charge density would cause the adsorbed oxygen to transform more easily into superoxide radicals and,further,into hydroxyl *** radicals are the main active species that oxidize NO into final *** SPR effect of elemental Bi enables the improvement of visible light absorption efficiency and the promotion of charge carrier separation,which are crucial factors in boosting *** adsorption and reaction processes on Bi/BiOI-2 were dynamically monitored by in situ infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).The Bi/BiOI photocatalysis mechanism co-mediated by elemental Bi and oxygen vacancies was proposed based on the analysis of intermediate products and DFT *** present work could provide new insights into the design of high-performance photocatalysts and understanding of the photocatalysis reaction mechanism for air-purification applications.

摘要：Semiconductor photocatalysts are extensively applied in environmental treatment and energy ***,one of their major disadvantages is their relatively low photocatalytic performance owing to the recombination of generated electron-hole *** presence of the phase junction is an effective way to promote the photocatalytic activity by increasing the separation efficiency of the electron-hole ***,extensive research has been conducted on the design of phase junctions of photocatalysts to improve their charge transfer properties and ***,for the design of an appropriate phase junction and the understanding of the mechanism of electron-hole separation,the development of the photocatalytic phase junction,including the preparation methods of the heterogeneous materials,is tremendously important and ***,the commonly used,externally induced phase transformation fabrication techniques and the primary components of the semiconductors are *** directions will still focus on the design and optimization of the phase junction of photocatalytic materials according to the phase transition with higher efficiencies for broadband responses and solar energy ***,the most popular phase transformation fabrication techniques of phase junctions are briefly reviewed from the application viewpoint.

摘要：Currently,the neutron yield of Z-Pinch is lower than that of laser driven *** the neutron imaging for this facility,the signal to noise ratio(SNR)has a significant influence on the expected spatial resolution of the reconstructed fusion core,especially in the condition of low neutron *** this paper,mathematical model is purposed to describe the dependence of aperture parameters on the imaging *** investigation shows that the imaging SNR is closely related to the size of contrast boundary on the point spread *** to this,a novel non-uniform redundancy penumbra apertures array is *** addition,the imaging performances of this novel coded aperture,penumbra aperture and ring aperture are evaluated and compared by Monte Carlo *** comparison shows that this novel aperture has significant advantage compared to the penumbra aperture which is commonly used for neutron imaging with low *** encouraging results can provide reference for the optimal design of the coded aperture used in the neutron imaging for Z-pinch driven fusion with low neutron yield.

摘要：Experimental evidence is presented showing obvious azimuthal dependence of single event upsets(SEU) and multiple-bit upset(MBU) patterns in radiation hardened by design(RHBD) and MBU-sensitive static random access memories(SRAMs), due to the anisotropic device layouts. Depending on the test devices, a discrepancy from 24.5% to 50% in the SEU cross sections of dual interlock cell(DICE) SRAMs is shown between two perpendicular ion azimuths under the same tilt angle. Significant angular dependence of the SEU data in this kind of design is also observed, which does not fit the inverse-cosine law in the effective LET method. Ion trajectory-oriented MBU patterns are identified, which is also affected by the topological distribution of sensitive volumes. Due to that the sensitive volumes are periodically isolated by the BL/BLB contacts along the Y-axis direction, double-bit upsets along the X-axis become the predominant configuration under normal *** triple-bit upset and quadruple-bit upset patterns are the same under different ion azimuths(Lshaped and square-shaped configurations, respectively). Those results suggest that traditional RPP/IRPP model should be promoted to consider the azimuthal and angular dependence of single event effects in certain *** earth-based evaluation of SEE sensitivity, worst case beam direction, i.e., the worst case response, should be revealed to avoid underestimation of the on-orbit error rate.

摘要：Topological nodal line（DNL） semimetals, a closed loop of the inverted bands in its bulk phases, result in the almost flat drumhead-like non-trivial surface states（DNSSs） with an unusually high electronic density near the Fermi level. High catalytic active sites generally associated with high electronic densities around the Fermi level, high carrier mobility and a close-to-zero free energy of the adsorbed state of hydrogen（？G_（H＊）≈0） are prerequisite to design alternative of precious platinum for catalyzing electrochemical hydrogen production from water. By combining these two aspects, it is natural to consider if the DNLs are a good candidate for the hydrogen evolution reaction（HER） or not because its DNSSs provide a robust platform to activate chemical reactions. Here, through first-principles calculations we reported a new DNL TiSi-type family, exhibiting a closed Dirac nodal line due to the linear band crossings in k_y=0 *** hydrogen adsorbed state on the surface yields ？G_（H＊） to be almost zero and the topological charge carries participate in HER. The results highlight a new routine to design topological quantum catalyst utilizing the topological DNL-induced surface bands as active sites, rather than edge sites-, vacancy-,dopant-, strain-, or heterostructure-created active sites.