摘要：Using historical records on first and last frost and snow,spring cultivation,David peach blossom,autumn crop harvest,grade of sea freeze and change in northern citrus boundary,we reconstructed temperature change during 601-920 *** mean temperature of the winter half-year(October to April)over Central East China during this period was about-0.22°C higher than that of the present(1961-2000 AD mean).During 601-820 AD,mean temperature was about-0.52°C higher than the *** 821-920 AD,the mean temperature was 0.42°C lower than the *** temperature fluctuations were characterized by a maximum amplitude of 1.05°C at the centennial scale,1.38°C at the 50-year scale,2.02°C at the 30-year scale,and 2.3°C at the 20-year *** were four peaks warmer than today(601-620 AD,mean of 1°C higher temperature;641-660 AD,1.44°C;701-720 AD,0.88°C;781-800 AD,0.65°C).Three cold periods were in 741-760,821-840,and 881-900 AD,the mean temperature of which was 0.37-0.87°C lower than the present.

摘要：盐胁迫是限制干旱区棉花生长和氮素吸收的重要因素。然而,随着土壤盐渍化威胁的不断加重,针对未扰动下不同盐碱胁迫对棉花养分吸收的影响尚不清楚。本研究利用^(15)N同位素定量识别不同盐胁迫程度下棉花对N的吸收比例与机制,并通过田间试验设计了4种典型盐渍化土壤。结果表明,低盐渍土棉花根、茎和叶的干物质含量与非盐渍土相比不显著。棉花植株生长在中度盐渍化和重度盐渍土中表现出过早衰老。全氮和硝态氮在棉花中的分布是总^(15)N利用率的最佳解释变量,其中棉花^(15)N回收率在26.1%到47.2%之间,土壤^(15)N回收率在7.7%到14.9%之间。这些发现为干旱区盐渍土资源的进一步开发利用和农田生态系统的可持续发展提供了指导。

摘要：Desertification control is a crucial way to enhancing the ecological conditions of arid and semi-arid regions, and maintaining sustainable development globally. Designing and improving an ecological compensation mechanism for desertification control has great significance related to achieving balance amongst the needs of different economic subjects and the assurance of a sustained and stable supply of desert ecosystem services. In this paper,(1) the theoretical bases of ecological compensation for desertification control were re-analyzed;(2) the research status and challenges of three important topics related to ecological compensation for desertification control were systemically discussed, including compensation standards, ecosystem service supply-consumption process and multi-scale effects, and resource-environment basis and policy orientation;(3) a research framework of ecological compensation for desertification control based on the process of desert ecosystem service supply–flow–consumption was proposed;(4) and finally, seven priority research issues were discussed, which aimed to support ecological compensation policy-making and ecological engineering implementation for desertification control.

摘要：Land consolidation engineering is one of the very important ways to improve the quality of farmland and the level of agricultural productivity. Studies of land consolidation and crop cultivation still mainly focus on single land functional optimization or crop breeding and yields. However, whether the improved crop varieties were sown on healthy and fertile soils is still a question. This paper introduces new ideas and engineering measures for sandy land rehabilitation and modern agricultural development in the Mu Us Sandy Land, Shaanxi Province, Western China. The important roles of particles and aggregates in soil reconstruction were confirmed following three innovative microscopic theories, including micro-structure, micro-morphology and micro-mechanism. New soil was constructed based on the physical complementarity of sandy, clay and loess particles in the Yulin area, northern Shaanxi Province. Field experiments were carried out to study the appropriate mixture ratio of different soils and their suitability for different crops. The improved crop varieties were sown on healthy and fertile soils, which were chosen by coupling according to its soil ecological suitability and crop physiological adaptability. The fertility improvement practices in the new constructed soils with different crops integrated water and fertilizer management measures, which were also provided in the experiment. Overall, an integrated land optimization configuration with improved and optimized crop variety selection was suggested for engineering sandy land-oriented consolidation from the soil particles to the agricultural system.