摘要：Precision Agriculture, also known as Precision Farming, or Prescription Farming, is a modern agriculture technology system, which brings ' precision' into agriculture system. All concepts of Precision Agriculture are established on the collection and management of variable cropland information. As the tool of collecting, managing and analyzing spatial data, GIS is the key technology of integrated Precision Agriculture system. This article puts forward the concept of Farmland GIS and designs Farmland GIS into five modules, and specifies the functions of the each module, which builds the foundation for practical development of the software. The study and development of Farmland GIS will propel the spreading of Precision Agriculture technology in China.

摘要：Evapotranspiration(ET)is of great significance for the ecological environment and water resource utilization in arid and semi-arid *** Mongolian Plateau,owing to drought,low rainfall,and extremely uneven distribution of water resources,has a typical temperate continental climate.A refined understanding of the spatiotemporal distribution of ET in this region will help in establishing regulatory strategies for climate change responses,regional livestock regulation,and grassland degradation *** this study,meteorological station data,precipitation data,and the Penman-Monteith model were used to study the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of actual ET over the Mongolian Plateau from 2011 to *** found that:(1)The spatial distribution of ET in the Mongolian Plateau showed a high trend in the north and east and a low trend in the middle and *** was a significant difference in the regional annual ET,with the highest ET reaching over 500 mm and the lowest being only approximately 70 mm.(2)The annual ET values in 2013,2018,and 2019 were relatively large,varying between 80 and 500 mm,and the overall ET of the Mongolian Plateau first decreased,then increased,and then decreased.(3)The temporal distribution exhibits a unimodal trend of increasing and then decreasing,with July being the turning ***-September was a period of high ET,with the highest ET exceeding 100 *** vegetation coverage was high,precipitation was abundant,and the vegetation ET effect was *** was a period of low ET,with a maximum ET of approximately 10 mm in January and December;the ET for the month with the lowest value was approximately *** quantitative inversion method proposed in this study can provide method and data support for north and central Asia,and other large arid and semi-arid areas.

摘要：Phenological data obtained from historical documents constitute highly important ecological evidence for the pre-instrumental period, and can be used in analyzing climatic change in history. In this study, 87 phenological records about seasonality of non-biological events （e.g., first frost date）, agriculture and ornamental plants （e.g., first flowering date） over 77 years were extracted from historical documents from the Sui and Tang dynasties in China to reconstruct the winter half-year （from October to next April） temperatures in the Guanzhong Area （located in central China） from 600 to 902 AD. Transfer functions between temperature and phenophases with significant correlations were established by using modem observation data. Temperatures from the study period were reconstructed by applying the transfer functions to historical phenological data. The reconstruction indicates that the winter half-year temperatures during 600-902 AD were 0.23~C higher than the reference period （1961-1990）. The temperature changed with two distinct stages. During the 600s-800s, temperatures were approxi- mately 0.38~C higher than at present but then temperatures decreased in the subsequent period （800-902 AD）. These results are similar to ones from previous studies on the mean temperature and the divisions between warm and cold periods during the study period, though differences were found in the degree of warmness/coldness. This reconstruction provides a valuable contribution to a better understanding of climatic variability during the Sui and Tang dynasties in China.

摘要：In the research of fractal cities, the fractal dimension is very important. It is used to describe the fractal character of the city. The authors have designed two approaches to calculate the fractal dimension by the box-counting method through an example of Beijing, which are called the vector method and the grid method, respectively. The former calculates the fractal dimension through an intersecting analysis in ArcView; and the latter is carried out by programming in Matlab. They are compared from three aspects： the calculating process, the limits in use, and the results. As a result, the conclusion is made that there are merits and faults on both methods, and they should be chosen to use properly in practical situation.

摘要：Land consolidation engineering is one of the very important ways to improve the quality of farmland and the level of agricultural productivity. Studies of land consolidation and crop cultivation still mainly focus on single land functional optimization or crop breeding and yields. However, whether the improved crop varieties were sown on healthy and fertile soils is still a question. This paper introduces new ideas and engineering measures for sandy land rehabilitation and modern agricultural development in the Mu Us Sandy Land, Shaanxi Province, Western China. The important roles of particles and aggregates in soil reconstruction were confirmed following three innovative microscopic theories, including micro-structure, micro-morphology and micro-mechanism. New soil was constructed based on the physical complementarity of sandy, clay and loess particles in the Yulin area, northern Shaanxi Province. Field experiments were carried out to study the appropriate mixture ratio of different soils and their suitability for different crops. The improved crop varieties were sown on healthy and fertile soils, which were chosen by coupling according to its soil ecological suitability and crop physiological adaptability. The fertility improvement practices in the new constructed soils with different crops integrated water and fertilizer management measures, which were also provided in the experiment. Overall, an integrated land optimization configuration with improved and optimized crop variety selection was suggested for engineering sandy land-oriented consolidation from the soil particles to the agricultural system.

摘要：This study chose major Chinese cities and used the creative model of Smart Low-carbon Strength Quo- tient （SLSQ） to investigate the level and state of urban smart low-carbon development. The results show that： （1） three main categories of smart low-carbon cities are found; namely, leaders with high SLSQ, steady ones with av- erage SLSQ and lagging ones with low SLSQ; （2） the SLSQ level shows a spatial change trend of diminishing from the southeast to the northwest and differing within regions; （3） the SLSQ level indicates an urban scale change trend of decreasing from the big to the small and differing within each scale; （4） the SLSQ level suggests an ad- ministrative hierarchy change trend of descending from the high to the low and differing within each class; （5） based on the SLSQ, three dynamic patterns were identified： leading mode, steady mode and preparing mode, among which the steady mode accounts for the vast majority of smart low-carbon development in major Chinese cities.

摘要：The permafrost region is one of the most sensitive areas to climate *** global warming,the Mongolian Plateau permafrost is rapidly degrading,and its vegetation ecosystem is seriously *** address this challenge,it is essential to understand the impact of climate change on vegetation at different permafrost degradation stages on the Mongolian *** on the general permafrost distribution,in this study,we divided different permafrost regions and explored the response of vegetation to climate change at different stages of permafrost degradation by the idea of“space instead of time”from 2014 to *** results of the study showed that:(1)Normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)values showed a decreasing trend,and the proportion of the decreasing region was in the order of sporadic permafrost region>isolated and sparse permafrost region>continuous and discontinuous permafrost regions.(2)The main controlling factors of vegetation growth in permafrost regions are different,air temperature is the main controlling factor of vegetation growth in isolated and sparse permafrost region(r=-0.736)and sporadic permafrost regions(r=-0.522),and precipitation is the main controlling factor of vegetation growth in continuous and discontinuous permafrost region(r=-0.498).(3)The response of NDVI to climate change varies at different stages of permafrost *** the early stages of permafrost degradation,increased land surface temperature(LST)and air temperature favored vegetation growth and increased vegetation cover,whereas increased precipitation impeded vegetation growth;as the permafrost degraded,increased LST and air temperature impeded vegetation growth,whereas increased precipitation promoted vegetation growth.

摘要：Knowledge Sharing and Service is one effective way to eliminate knowledge poverty and promote social *** knowledge sharing and service is mainly provided in some organizations or specific social ***,a knowledge sharing and service system about geography,natural resources and ecology has not been *** proposed a public welfare professional knowledge-sharing and service platform for all members of society in geography,natural resources and *** construction of a knowledge-sharing and service platform is based on five aspects of work：analysis of user requirements,setting standards and drafting policies,aggregating knowledge resources,the technical realization and the maintenance of *** resources can be aggregated by using a＂two-step＂strategy.A knowledge-sharing and service system can be implemented by using＂four-tier＂structures that are comprised of resources,resource access,application and service,based on the Hadoop-distributed cluster *** has been proven that adhering to the idea of co-building and co-sharing,and using the mechanism of＂payment is equal to benefit＂can effectively promote the gathering of knowledge resources,and arouse the enthusiasm of all members of society to participate in knowledge sharing and service,to achieve the objective of narrowing the knowledge gap between social groups.

摘要：The Mongolian Plateau,a vital ecological barrier in northern China,is of great importance for studying vegetation dynamics in Mongolia against the background of climate *** studies can enhance our understanding of regional vegetation responses to global warming and contribute to the establishment of a stronger ecological barrier in northern ***,we analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of the NDVI(normalized difference vegetation index)in Mongolia using 8 km resolution GIMMS NDVI3g data from 1990 to 2022,along with temperature,precipitation,and elevation *** analysis and correlation methods were used to examine the relationships between the NDVI and temperature,as well as *** results showed four important aspects of these relationships.(1)The NDVI in Mongolia increased significantly from 1990 to 2022 at a rate of 0.0015 yr^(-1)(P<0.05).(2)Mongolia’s NDVI increased from 1990 to 2022 in 60.73%of the *** this total,the area with a significant increase accounted for 31.67%and was concentrated on the eastern and western *** area experiencing a significant decrease accounted for 15.67%and was mainly located on the southwestern edges.(3)The NDVI analysis revealed significant increasing trends in all regions except for those at elevations of 1500-2000 *** greatest rate of increase was observed between 500 and 1000 m,and the increasing trend weakened as elevation continued to increase before gradually becoming significant ***,the NDVI increased significantly across different slopes,and the rate of increase decreased as the slope increased.(4)From 1990 to 2022,Mongolia’s NDVI was mostly negatively correlated with *** occurred over 66.75%of the total land area,with 17.21%of the region exhibiting a significant negative correlation,mainly in the ***,the NDVI demonstrated a positive correlation with precipitation,encompassing 86.71%of the total land *** 4

摘要：Drought is a worldwide natural disaster that has long affected agricultural production as well as social and economic activities. Frequent droughts have been observed in the Belt and Road area, in which much of the agricultural land is concentrated in fragile ecological environment. Based on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Satellite（TRMM） 3 B43 precipitation data, we used the Precipitation Abnormity Percentage drought model to study the monthly spatio-temporal distribution of drought in south region of N50° of the Belt and Road area. It was observed that drought during winter was mainly distributed in Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, and South Asia, while it was mainly distributed in Central Asia and West Asia during summer. The occurrence of historical droughts indicates an obvious seasonal cycle. The regional variations in drought were analyzed using the Breaks for Additive Season and Trend tool（BFAST） in six sub-regions according to the spatial distribution of six economic corridors in the Belt and Road area. The average drought conditions over the 18 years show a slight decreasing trend in Northeast Asia, West Asia, North Africa, South Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, and a slight increasing trend in Central Asia. However, it was a fluctuating pattern of first increasing and then decreasing in Southeast Asia. The results indicate that the total drought area in the Belt and Road region showed a general decreasing trend at a rate of 40,260 km^2 per year from 1998 to 2015.