摘要：Machine learning (ML) has been widely used todesign and develop new materials owing to its low computational cost and powerful predictive capabilities. In recentyears, the shortcomings of ML in materials science have gradually emerged, with a primary concern being the scarcity ofdata. It is challenging to build reliable and accurate ML modelsusing limited data. Moreover, the small sample size problemwill remain long-standing in materials science because of theslow accumulation of material data. Therefore, it is importantto review and categorize strategies for small-sample learningfor the development of ML in materials science. This reviewsystematically sorts the research progress of small-samplelearning strategies in materials science, including ensemblelearning, unsupervised learning, active learning, and transferlearning. The directions for future research are proposed, including few-shot learning, and virtual sample *** importantly, we emphasize the significance of embedding material domain knowledge into ML and elaborate on thebasic idea for implementing this strategy.

摘要：The effects of parallel and angular butt designs with different gap widths on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the resultant magnesium joints in gas tungsten arc welding were investigated. The experimental results displayed that the tensile strength of the joint made with angular butt joint and 0.3 ram-wide gap reached 266 MPa, the joint fractured through the heat-affected zone or base metal during tensile testing, and the microstructure examination showed that no macropore appeared in the fusion zone. However, macropores in diameter of larger than 200 micron occurred for other joint designs, the tensile strength of the resultant joints decreased, and the joints fractured through the fusion zone during tensile testing. The fracture surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy and the microhardness distribution in the joints was measured by using a Vickers microhardness tester.

摘要：The effects of Ni content, soldering temperature and time on the IMC thickness in Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu and Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu-0.2Co alloys were researched using uniform design method and computer programs. For each alloy, the factors were divided into three levels in the experiment. Two correlative equations are given by regression. They indicate that the effects of three factors on the function are in the mutual and quadratic forms. And the analysis of variance shows the equations are sound and meaningful. Using the equations, it is easy to search, predict and control the IMC thickness. The existence of element Co accelerates the crystallization and growing up of IMC.

摘要：高强复合材料的低位错存储性能及其引发的强塑倒置问题阻碍了该系列材料的进一步发展.本文通过新颖的形变驱动冶金方法,设计了一种巧妙的具有粗细晶粒异质结构的纳微混合SiC增强铝基复合材料.基于背应力理论对累积的几何必须位错和晶内分散的SiC颗粒进行调控,使得背应力与外在施加应力保持动态平衡.这是本策略实现材料强塑性协同的关键.所设计的SiC_(5np-5μp)/Al复合材料的极限抗拉强度和均匀伸长率分别为324 MPa和12.9%,达到SiC_(10μp)/Al抗拉强度的181%,而塑性仅损失了约3%.因此,本文提供了一种基于背应力优化的强度-塑性协同新策略.

摘要：The C_(f)/Al composites were joined to the TC4 alloy via the laser-induced combustion joining *** exothermic reaction of the interlayer provided the required energy for the joining *** combining the theoretical calculation and experiment,the chemical composition of the Ni−Al−Zr interlayer was *** microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint were *** results show that the addition of Zr slightly weakened the combustion reaction of exothermic interlayer but played a key role in the successful ***−Al−Zr interlayer reacted with substrates,forming a TiAl_(3)layer adjacent to TC4 alloy and NiAl_(3),Ni_(2)Al_(3)layers adjacent to the C_(f)/Al *** content dominated the microstructure and shear strength of the *** the Zr content was 5 wt.%under the joining pressure of 2 MPa,the joint had a maximum shear strength of 19.8 MPa.

摘要：Selecting the right design of bioreactors is crucial for guaranteeing the reproducibility of bioprocesses. Up to now, conventionally designed bioreactors consist typically of melted or clamped joints. Since melting of borosilicate glass leads to large deformed areas along the joint, the desired geometric reproducibility is not ensured. Moreover, clamping complicates and greatly restricts the bioreactor design. Bonding, however, is advantageous in that it does not alter the material joined and it is easy to use. Furthermore, it has been recently shown that specially developed glass bonding techniques withstand multiple autoclaving cycles. The current research investigated practice-relevant parameters influencing the lifespan of epoxy-or (urethane) acrylate-bonded glass bioreactors. Hereby, the influence of cleaning and sensitivity to fermentation compounds (ethanol and acetic acid) was quantified using glass-glass and glass-stainless steel specimens. Whereas cleaning did not adversely affect the durability of glass bonds, high concentrations of the fermentation compounds ethanol and acetic acid resulted in accelerated corrosion and subsequent bond failure. Moreover, no effect of eight different epoxy and (urethane) acrylate adhesives was observed on selected model organisms Escherichia coli K12 and Hansenula polymorpha wild type. Another objective of this study was to refine the design of two small-scale bioreactors (ca. 250 mL) by replacing clamps and melted joints by adhesive joints. It was found that the bonded bioreactors yielded a higher geometric reproducibility than that of conventional melted or clamped ones. In conclusion, bonded glass joints greatly enhance the geometric reproducibility of bioreactors and, in turn, the reproducibility of bioprocesses. As glass bonding is easy to handle, it opens up new opportunities to design bioreactors that had been previously too expensive and complicated.

摘要：Two non-ionic hydro-fluorocarbon hybrid surfactants with and without hydroxyl groups were synthesized and *** exhibited good thermal stability and superior surface *** was observed that the hydroxyl group had a profound effect on modifying the surface tension of their solutions and the morphology of the formed *** effect may be attributed to the rearranging of the alkane group from above the air/aqueous surface to below it and the disrupting of the interfacial water structure induced by the hydroxyl *** work provides a strategy to weaken the immiscibility between hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon chains by modifying their orientational structure at the interface,thus it is helpful for the design of surfactants with varied interfacial properties.

摘要：As one of the most promising next-generation energy storage devices,the lithium-metal battery has been extensively ***,safety issues and undesired lithium dendrite growth hinder its *** application of solid-state electrolytes has attracted increasing attention as they can solve safety issues and show great potential to inhibit the growth of lithium *** oxide(PEO)-based electrolytes are very promising due to their enhanced safety and excellent ***,they suffer from low ionic conductivity at room temperature and cannot effectively inhibit lithium dendrites at high temperatures due to the intrinsic semicrystalline properties and poor mechanical *** this work,a novel coral-like Li_(6.25)Al_(0.25)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)(C-LALZO)is synthesized to serve as an active ceramic filler in *** PEO with LALZO coral(PLC)exhibits increased ionic conductivity and mechanical strength,which leads to uniform deposition/stripping of lithium *** Li symmetric cells with PLC do not cause a short circuit after cycling for 1500 h at 60℃.The assembled LiFePO_(4)/PLC/Li batteries display excellent cycling stability at both 60 and 50℃.This work reveals that the electrochemical properties of the composite electrolyte can be effectively improved by tuning the microstructure of the filler,such as the C-LALZO architecture.