摘要：The typical Haber technical process for industrial NH_(3)production involves plenty of energy-consumption and large quantities of greenhouse gas *** contrast,electrochemical N_(2)reduction proffers environment-friendly and energy-efficient avenues to synthesize NH_(3)at mild conditions but demands efficient electrocatalysts for the N_(2)reduction reaction(NRR).Herein we report for the first time that commercial indium-tin oxide glass(ITO/G)can be used as a catalyst electrode toward artificial N_(2)fixation,as it demonstrates excellent selectivity at mild *** ITO/G delivers excellent NRR performance with a NH_(3)yield of 1.06×10^(-10) mol s^(-1) cm^(-2) and a faradaic efficiency of 6.17%at-0.40 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)in 0.5 M ***,the ITO/G also possesses good electrochemical stability and ***,the possible reaction mechanism for the NRR on the ITO catalysts was explored using first-principles calculations.

摘要：本研究欲改善传统LED太阳能地埋灯之部分发光面积被太阳电池遮蔽之情形与提升发光均匀度,且不会影响太阳电池之收光效率。设计一个调光元件同时达到具有LED发光均匀性与太阳能集光2种光路之结合,并将太阳电池与LED放置地埋灯底部,达到地埋灯顶部表面均为发光面积,开口率为理想值100%。且经由设计其调光组件内部参数可得模拟结果地埋灯发光均匀性为80%,实际初步制作测试其均匀性为71%。

摘要：Alloyed nanoparticles with core-shell structures provide a favorable model to modulate interfacial interaction and surface structures at the atomic level,which is important for designing electrocatalysts with high activity and ***,core-shell structured Pd3M@Pt/C nanoparticles with binary PdM alloy cores(M=Fe,Ni,and Co)and a monolayer Pt shell were successfully synthesized with diverse *** these,Pd3Fe@Pt/C exhibited the best oxygen reduction reaction catalytic performance,roughly 5.4 times more than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst used as *** significantly enhanced activity is attributed to the combined effects of strain engineering,interfacial electron transfer,and improved Pt *** functional theory simulations and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis revealed that engineering the alloy core with moderate lattice mismatch and alloy composition(Pd3Fe)optimizes the surface oxygen adsorption energy,thereby rendering excellent electrocatalytic *** researches may use this study as a guide on the construction of highly effective core-shell electrocatalysts for various energy conversions and other applications.

摘要：This work provides information for an optimal design of a thermochemical storage system, through a proposed mathematical model that predicts the behavior of a solar fluidized bed receiver finding the temperature and concentration profiles in transient state. The mathematical model is developed for a fluidized bed solar reactor, taking into account dynamics conditions of heating and reaction. The heating was simulated for radiated flux with a normal distribution over lateral walls and with distributed flow conditions of the focal stain. The contraction and expansion effects of the bed were involved with a two dimensional distribution. The mathematical model of a solar fluidized bed reactor involves a reversible chemistry reaction of thermal dissociation of the zinc sulfate （ZnSO4）, also the mathematical model is accomplished by a sensitivity study with regard to the gas inlet temperature and radiation flux.

摘要：学术背景:虽然已经有应用组织工程骨修复颅颌面骨缺损的报道,但因其缺乏植入早期的力学强度,尚不能应用在四肢负重部位修复骨缺损。目的:探讨负重组织工程骨的新型支架的仿生力学设计、多孔纯镁支架的仿生形态学设计和多孔纯镁支架仿人骨材料表面涂层的仿生技术,以及其他负重组织工程骨候选支架仿生技术和外科人工金属植入物仿生表面涂层技术的发展现状。检索策略:应用计算机检索EI数据库1899/2007与仿生材料相关的文献,并以ELSERVIER、Springer、万方外文文献数据库以及CHKI中文数据库文献索引为辅助,英文检索词"Biomimetic materials",中文检索词"仿生学"。纳入与仿生学、仿生力学、仿生材料及技术相关的文章。文献评价:共得到3501个索引,选择35篇完全符合标准的文献进行综述。其中有关仿生学1篇,生物力学1篇,组织工程用仿生材料1篇,负重组织工程骨的新型支架3篇,医学用金属材料的仿生表面涂层技术12篇,医学用生物陶瓷的仿生表面涂层技术1篇,医学用生物高分子聚合物的仿生涂层技术4篇,纳米生物有机物大分子和生物无机物分子的自组装6篇,生物材料的体积修饰或改性2篇。资料综合:①为解决负重组织工程骨早期力学强度不足问题,仿生涂层的多孔纯镁新型支架是临床试用前期研究最佳候选方案,仿生涂层的多孔纯钛支架,可能作为上述研究的其他选择。②多孔双相生物陶瓷支架压缩强度较低,可能不足以解决问题,利用仿生技术对整体修饰或改性可能是有前景的。③多孔生物高分子聚合物支架,可以利用仿生技术对整体修饰或改性以改善力学性能,但是效果非常有限。结论:到目前为止还不能解决负重组织工程骨的早期力学性能不足问题。外科植入物金属,以及多孔生物金属、生物陶瓷、生物高分子聚合物等组织工程骨支架表面,均可利用仿生涂层技术进行表面修饰或改性。

摘要：表面微机械加工技术是实现单片集成微光学系统的一种新方法。本文介绍一种新型的采用微机械加工技术的微型光学加速度计 ,包括设计、关键器件的加工和测试 ,它是基于光线和光闸相互作用引起通光量变化的工作原理。这一微光学加速度计包含一个 2 μm厚的多晶硅光闸 ,光闸采用微弹簧支撑在基片上 ,微弹簧是长度为 2 0 0 μm的多晶硅褶曲梁 ,硅基片和微结构之间所夹的牺牲层采用氢氟酸湿法刻蚀去除。光闸设计为一个质量弹簧系统 ,对加速度力产生响应。

摘要：Ankylosing spondylitis(AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects 1% of the general population. As one of the most severe types of spondyloarthropathy, AS affects the spinal vertebrae and sacroiliac joints, causing debilitating pain and loss of mobility. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of AS, from the pathophysiological changes that occur as the disease progresses, to genetic factors that are involved with its onset. Considering the high prevalence in the population, and the debilitating life changes that occur as a result of the disease, a strong emphasis is placed on the diagnostic imaging methods that are used to detect this condition, as well as several treatment methods that could improve the health of individuals diagnosed with AS.

摘要：为获得核废料储罐与周围环境界面的温湿度信息,以便模拟不同地质处置时期储罐表面的腐蚀环境,通过对一些典型核能利用国家在高放核废料安全处置研究中对储罐表面温度的长期演变计算进行调研,结合不同埋藏模式推测出适于我国的核废料储罐表面温度演变规律。同时根据国内外对核废料储库中缓冲/回填材料饱和度的变化情况推测我国核废料储罐表面环境中膨润土含水量的时间演变趋势。研究表明,储罐表面初始时温度快速升高,至温度峰值后逐渐下降,为安全起见,最高温应设计低于100℃。膨润土的饱和度受到核废料衰变释热及地下水入渗的双重影响,早期以核废料衰变主导,后来受地下水入渗影响显著。一般认为储罐表面膨润土在3年左右含水量明显增加,约10年左右达到饱和。温湿度长期演变预测将为我国核废料储罐表面腐蚀演变研究奠定基础。