摘要：Simultaneous generation of H_(2) fuel and value-added chemicals has attracted increasing attention since the photogenerated electrons and holes can be both employed to convert solar light into chemical ***,for realizing UV-visible-NIR light driven dehydrogenation of benzyl alcohol(BA)into benzaldehydes(BAD)and H_(2),a novel localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)enhanced S-scheme heterojunction was designed by combining noble-metal-free plasmon MoO_(3-x) as oxidation semiconductor and Zn_(0.1)Cd_(0.9)S as reduction *** photoredox system of Zn_(0.1)Cd_(0.9)S/MoO_(3-x) displayed an unconventional reaction model,in which the BA served as both electron donor and *** S-scheme charge transfer mechanism induced by the formed internal electric field enhanced the redox ability of charge carriers thermodynamically and boosted charge separation ***,due to the LSPR effect of MoO_(3-x) nanosheets,Zn_(0.1)Cd_(0.9)S/MoO_(3-x) photocatalysts exhibited strong absorption in the region of full solar ***,the Zn_(0.1)Cd_(0.9)S/MoO_(3-x) composite generated H_(2) and BAD simultaneously via selective oxidation of BA with high production(34.38 and 33.83 mmol×g^(–1) for H_(2) and BAD,respectively)upon full solar *** under NIR light irradiation,the H_(2) production rate could up to 94.5 mmol×g^(–1)×h^(–1).In addition,the Zn_(0.1)Cd_(0.9)S/MoO_(3-x) composite displayed effective photocatalytic H_(2) evolution rate up to 149.2 mmol×g^(–1)×h^(–1) from water,which was approximate 6 times that of pure Zn_(0.1)Cd_(0.9)*** work provides a reference for rational design of plasmonic S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts for coproduction of high-value chemicals and solar fuel production.

摘要：With a review of the recent development in digitalization and application of seabed data, this paper systematically proposed methods for integrating seabed data by analyzing its feature based on ORACLE database management system and advanced techniques of spatial data management. We did research on storage structure of seabed data, distributed-integrated database system, standardized spatial database and seabed metadata management system in order to effectively manage and use these seabed information in practical application. Finally, we applied the methods researched and proposed in this paper to build the Bohai Sea engineering geology database that stores engineering geology data and other seabed information from the Bohai Sea area. As a result, the Bohai Sea engineering geology database can effectively integrate huge amount of distributed and complicated seabed data to meet the practical requisition of Bohai Sea en-gineering geology environment exploration and exploitation.

摘要：Sedimentary pigments are useful proxy indicators of phytoplankton biomass, community structure, primary productivity and human influence in lacustrine and oceanic ecosystems. Pigments are relatively labile due to their complex chemical structures, which makes the extraction and analysis of sedimentary pigments challenging. In addition, it is important to select appropriate methods to study sedimentary pigments in regions which lack previous investigations. In this study, we adopted the L9（34） orthogonal design to develop methods of extraction and HPLC （high performance liquid chromatography） analysis of sedimentary pigments at two lakes on the Tibetan Plateau： meromictic lake-Dagze Co and dimictic lake-Jiang Co. The orthogonal design comprises 9 combinations of various parameters for extraction and HPLC analysis. The results show that the type and volume of solvent are the most important factors for pigment extraction, and the mobile phase and column selection are the most important for HPLC analysis. For the study sites, we found that the best methods to extract sedimentary pigments are as follows： the use of a mixture of acetone：methanol：water （80： 15：5, v：v：v） as the extraction solvent; sol- vent/sample ratio of 10 mL/g; sonication for 30 s and standing extraction for 6 h. The best methods for HPLC analysis are as follows： Zorbax Eclipse plus C8 column with mobile phase A, methanol：acetonitrile：0.25 M aqueous pyridine （50： 25：25, v ： v ： v） and mobile phase B, methanol： acetonitrile： acetone （20： 60： 20, v： v： v）; pH of mobile phase A adjusted to 6 with acetic acid; and HPLC column temperature maintained at 40~C. The study provides an experimental basis for future investigations of past changes in primary productivity and the response of lake ecosystems to climate change and human activities on the Tibetan Plateau.

摘要：Anthropogenic aerosols are effective radiative forcing agents that perturb the Earth’s climate. Major emission sources shifted from the western to eastern hemisphere around the 1980 s. An ensemble of single-forcing simulations with an Earth System Model reveals two stages of aerosol-induced climate change in response to the global aerosol increase for 1940–1980 and the zonal shift of aerosol forcing for 1980–2020, respectively. Here, using idealized experiments with hierarchical models, we show that the aerosol increase and shift modes of aerosol-forced climate change are dynamically distinct, governed by the inter-hemispheric energy transport and basin-wide ocean–atmosphere interactions, *** aerosol increase mode dominates in the motionless slab ocean model but is damped by ocean dynamics. Free of zonal-mean energy perturbation, characterized by an anomalous North Atlantic warming and North Pacific cooling, the zonal shift mode is amplified by interactive ocean dynamics through Bjerknes feedback. Both modes contribute to a La Ni?a-like pattern over the equatorial Pacific. We suggest that a global perspective that accommodates the evolving geographical distribution of aerosol emissions is vital for understanding the aerosol-forced historical climate change.

摘要：Using a suitable solvent for extracting pigments from sediment for high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） analysis is critical for obtaining qualitative and quantitative estimates of phytoplanktonic and benthic algal biomass,as well as community composition. Five methodological factors（sample dehydration,extraction solvent,extraction duration,number of extractions,and ratio of solvent volume：sample weight） were studied using an L 9（3 4 ） orthogonal design in a sedimentary pigment extraction experiment on samples collected from the Changjiang large-river delta-front estuary（LDE）,using HPLC analysis. The results show that the optimal extraction method for sedimentary pigments should include freeze-drying samples prior to extraction. The effects of different factors on sedimentary pigment extraction were separated by the L 9（3 4 ） orthogonal design experiments and showed that the extraction solvent was the most important,with extraction duration the second most important,and numbers of extraction and ratio of solvent volume：sample weight was the least important. The mixed solvent treatment comprised of acetone,methanol and water（80：15：5,by volume） was best for polar pigment extraction,with 100% acetone better for apolar pigments. For most pigments employed in this study（i.e.,peridinin,fucoxanthin,alloxanthin,diatoxanthin,zeaxanthin,pheophytin-a and β-carotene） ,3 h was found to be enough time for extraction from these deltaic sediments. However,for chlorophyll-a,the most important pigment used for estimating algal biomass,12 h was needed. A small amount of solvent（3 ml） with duplicate extractions obtained the greatest amount and diversity of pigments. Unfortunately,no extraction method was found to be suitable for all pigments in sediments. The choice of extraction procedure should be made in accordance with the objective of each study,taking into consideration the properties of sediments and pigments in question.

摘要：国家海洋局第三海洋研究所研制的HZY1-1型金膜测汞仪(改型),最近在厦门市通过了定型鉴定。这种仪器是该所在自行研制的77-2型金膜测汞仪的基础上,经过改进提高的改型产品。它的设计原理先进,灵敏度高,与改型前的77-2型金膜测汞仪相比,HZY1-1型仪器在结构与电路上进行了重新设计,工艺上亦做了改进;同时增设了行之有效的漂移补偿措施和采用数字显示,使仪器稳定性等主要技术性能显著提高,能在各种环境条件下较快地进入稳定的测试状态.

摘要：Future climate change is usually projected by coupled earth system models under specific emission sce- narios designed by integrated assessment models （IAMs）, and this offline approach means there is no interaction between the coupled earth system models and the IAMs. This paper introduces a new method to design possible future emission scenarios and corresponding climate change, in which a simple economic and climate damage component is added to the coupled earth system model of Beijing Normal University （BNU-ESM）. With the growth of population and technological expertise and the declining emission-to-output ratio described in the Dynamic Inte- grated Climate-Economy model, the projected carbon emission is 13.7 Gt C, resulting in a 2.4℃ warming by the end of the twenty-first century （2080-2099） compared with 1980-1999. This paper also suggests the importance of the land and ocean carbon cycle in determining the CO2 con- centration in the atmosphere. It is hoped that in the near future the next generation of coupled earth system models that include both the natural system and the social dimension will be developed.

摘要：Wave climate plays an important role in the air-sea interaction over marginal seas. Extreme wave height provides fundamental information for various ocean engineering practices, such as hazard mitigation, coastal structure design, and risk assessment. In this paper, we implement a third generation wave model and conduct a high-resolution wave hindcast over the East China Sea to reconstruct a 15-year wave field from 1988 to 2002 for derivation of monthly mean wave parameters and analysis of extreme wave conditions. The numerical results of the wave field are validated through comparison with satellite altimetry measurements, low-resolution reanalysis, and the ocean wave buoy record. The monthly averaged wave height and wave period show seasonal variation and refined spatial patterns of surface waves in the East China Sea. The climatological significant wave height and mean wave period decrease from the open ocean in the southeast toward the continental area in the northwest, with the pattern generally following the bathymetry. Extreme analysis on the significant wave height at the buoy station indicates the hindcast data underestimate the extreme values relative to the observations. The spatial pattern of extreme wave height shows single peak emerges at the southwest of Ryukyu Island although a wind forcing with multi-core structure at the extreme is applied.

摘要：The pathogenic species of genus Vibrio cause vibriosis, one of the most prevalent diseases of maricultured animals and seafood consumers. Monitoring their kinetics in the chain of seafood production, processing and consumption is of great importance for food and mariculture safety. In order to enrich Vibrio-representing 16S ribosomal RNA gene （rDNA） fragments and identify these bacteria further real-timely and synchronously among bacterial flora in the chain, a pair of primers that selectively amplify Vibrio 16S rDNA fragments were designed with their specificities and coverage testified in the analysis of seawater Vibrio community. The specificities and coverage of two primers, VF169 and VR744, were determined theoretically among bacterial 16S rDNAs available in GenBank by using BLAST program and practically by amplifying Vibrio 16S rDNA fragments from seawater DNA. More than 88.3% of sequences in GenBank, which showed identical matches with VR744, belong to Vibrio genus. A total of 33 clones were randomly selected and sequenced. All of the sequences showed their highest similarities to and clustered around those of diverse known Vibrio species. The primers designed are capable of retrieving a wide range of Vibrio 16S rDNA fragments specifically among bacterial flora in seawater, the most important natural environment of seafood cultivation.

摘要：地层孢粉数据是古植被和古气候重建等古环境研究的重要基础。孢粉数据库推动古环境研究从点到区域和全球尺度,从定性到定量,从而实现在大空间尺度和长时间序列上探索植被、气候和人类干扰的相互关系,以更好地理解地球系统的演变。该数据集整合了全国第四纪末期(5万年以来)共372个地层花粉序列,涵盖790个花粉类群,样点分布于中国30个省级行政区与领海。数据集包含地层花粉采样点的地名、经纬度坐标和海拔高度、数据来源、样品类型、沉积物长度、样品数量、测年方法及测年数量、时间跨度和参考文献,以及每个采样点的花粉含量百分比。数据主要来源于20世纪80年代至今。采样点集中分布在温带和亚热带森林、温带草原和荒漠以及青藏高原高寒植被区域;在深海到青藏高原不同海拔高度都有分布,但集中在海拔2000 m之下。按照数据来源区分,原始数据样点178个,占47.8%;数值化数据194个,占52.2%。按照样品类型分类,多数样点为湖泊样品(151个)、冲积物/洪积物样品(99个)与泥炭样品(67个),占总样点数的85.2%。年代测定的主要方法为放射性碳同位素手段(占样品总数的93.8%),大部分记录有2-10个测年数据。采样点的平均花粉类群数量是19个,以4-30个花粉类群的采样点最多。代表性花粉类群(松属(Pinus)、栎属(Quercus)、蒿属(Artemisia)、禾本科)含量的时空分布格局表明,从末次盛冰期到全新世,这些花粉科属的分布范围扩大,含量也增加,但分布区域具有分异。半个多世纪以来,孢粉学工作者建立中国大部分地区的地层花粉记录,为探究古环境演变及其气候变化、人类活动驱动机制奠定了重要的基础。