摘要：The study of paper damage under bombardments of protons and X--rays is reported. An on--demand beam pulsing system is useful for the PIXE analysis of delicate objectS. IXX (or PIXE--induced XRF) is more suitable than PIXE in terms of damage to the sample. Some new PIXE and IXX applications of archaeological paper--like samples in recent years are given.

摘要：The monitor is composed of a pair of electrodes,a single stage of microchannel plate,a phosphor screen,a CCD camera and a PC computer,To obtain a good uniform collecting field,forming electrodes system is used instead of that with a resistive divider,The readout system is performed by the phosphor screen and the CCD camera because the spatial resolution is not limited by the mechanical structure like the anode strip type and such video display system is very useful for beam studies and operation of the 40MeV linac,Besides,the design and test results are described in detail.