摘要：Protecting the historical heritage is a very important task because it makes up the identity of the society and the cities. Considering the future, the most important problem recently is how to protect the historical heritage, and how to benefit from it. And as an answer to this question, by benefiting from our cultural background, it is necessary to provide the contemporary requirements and to transfer this attitude to the future generations. Throughout the time, functions may change but old buildings may stay. This situation requires that the old buildings are open to a new contemporary uses. Nowadays, the variations in the functions loaded onto the places we live in are frequently put on the agenda due to the requirements which are continuously changed and developed by social and cultural effects. While faced with this kind of functional variations in order to protect the mean values, the scope of this study is described in a systematically manner as： （1） re-functioning process; （2） adaptation of the new function to the old building; and （3） design concept in the revalorization. The scope will be discussed with many implementations from Turkey and the cases are chosen from the izmir city.

摘要：The plausibility of human exposure to particulate matter(PM)has witnessed an increase within the last several *** of different sizes has been discovered in the atmosphere given the role of dust transport in weather and climate *** a regulator,the lung epithelium orchestrates the innate response to local ***,we developed a lung epithelium-ona-chip platform consisting of easily moldable polydimethylsiloxane layers along with a thin,flexible,and transparent ionic liquid-based poly(hydroxyethyl)methacrylate gel *** epithelium was formed through the culture of human lung epithelial cells(Calu-3)on this *** mechanical stress at the air–liquid interface during inhalation/exhalation was recapitulated using an Arduino-based servo motor system,which applied a uniaxial tensile strength from the two sides of the chip with 10%strain and a frequency of 0.2 ***,the administration of silica nanoparticles(PM0.5)with an average size of 463 nm to the on-chip platform under static,dynamic,and dynamic+mechanical stress(DMS)conditions demonstrated the effect of environmental pollutants on lung *** viability and release of lactate dehydrogenase were determined along with proinflammatory response through the quantification of tumor necrosis factor-α,which indicated alterations in the epithelium.

摘要：Design is a structured process or a tactical guideline to accomplish a unique expecta­tion of a product, while a design studio is the environment where students are taught the skills to design the product, which may be a building. Hence, the design studio course is the most important component of the architectural education curriculum;it is where the students get an opportunity to apply the theoretical knowledge gained through lecture-based courses. Yet most theory is not put into practice;consequently, the principles of sustainable design solutions are developed. There is an urgent need to teach future architects how to integrate sustainable design principles into their proj­ects in order to prevent or mitigate environmental degradation due to the negative impacts of building projects. This experimental study initiated a new design studio pedagogy and a novel teaching structure for integrating sustainability principles into the architectural design projects of 3rd year students. It also evolved a testing method to assess the success of the new pedagogy and the students’ final design projects. This paper presents the results of the experimental design studio and delivers recommen­dations for subsequent sustainable design studio courses.

摘要：The immune response after implantation of a biomaterial may shorten the functional life of the implant,depending on the degree of the *** this study,we used a polyacrylamide-alginate(PAAm-Alg)hydrogel,which has been previously characterized as a biocompatible material and shown to enhance regeneration of cartilage in vivo,along with a graphiteenhanced hydrogel(PAAm-Alg-G)as a non-biocompatible counterpart,to evaluate macrophage attachment and polarization to pro-or anti-inflammatory *** performance of each biomaterial in the presence of fibroblasts and chondrocytes was validated by an in vitro model which demonstrated modulation of the foreign-body response.A blend of 5%gelatin methacryloyl and 0.1%methacrylated hyaluronic acid was optimized to mimic the extracellular matrix(ECM)and support cell viability,proliferation,migration,and functionality at an initial concentration of 3.25×10^(5) cells/*** PAAm-Alg-G hydrogel localized in the simulated ECM showed cytotoxic and genotoxic effects for both fibroblasts and chondrocytes,while exhibiting a proliferative effect on macrophages with elevated immune *** M1/M2 ratio was 0.73 for PAAm-Alg hydrogel but 2.64 for PAAm-Alg-G,leading to significant M1 dominance(p0.05).The interleukin-6(IL-6)concentration secreted in the presence of PAAm-Alg hydrogel(4.58 pg/mL)significantly decreased(p<0.0001)on day 13,while the increase(p<0.0001)in interleukin-10(IL-10)concentration(120.73 pg/mL)confirmed the switch from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory *** immune responses by developing a simplistic yet powerful three-dimensional in vitro model provides advantages in preparing for clinical use of biomaterials.

摘要：We report the development of a metastasis-on-a-chip platform to model and track hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)-bone metastasis and to analyze the inhibitory effect of an herb-based compound,thymoquinone(TQ),in hindering the migration of liver cancer cells into the bone *** bioreactor consisted of two chambers,one accommodating encapsulated HepG2 cells and one bone-mimetic niche containing hydroxyapatite(HAp).Above these chambers,amicroporous membrane was placed to resemble the vascular barrier,where medium was circulated over the *** was observed that the liver cancer cells proliferated inside the tumor microtissue and disseminated from the HCC chamber to the circulatory flow and eventually entered the bone *** number of metastatic HepG2 cells to the bone compartment was remarkably higher in the presence of HAp in the *** was then used as ametastasis-controlling agent in both free form and encapsulated nanoparticles,to analyze its suppressing effect on HCC *** indicated that the nanoparticle-encapsulated TQ provided a longer period of inhibitory *** summary,HCC-bone metastasis-on-a-chip platform was demonstrated to model certain key aspects of the cancer metastasis process,hence corroborating the potential of enabling investigations on metastasis-associated biology as well as improved anti-metastatic drug screening.

摘要：The paper aims to describe and examine the usage opportunities of nanostructured materials for innovative solutions in architectural design and building construction. The construction sector has been slow to embrace nanotechnology, but nanotech innovations have an enormous impact on building design and construction. Nanotechnology represents a major opportunity for this field to develop new products, substantially increase quality, and open new markets. Nanostructured materials have gained much interest recently. Especially nanoscale coatings are particularly suited to protecting the surface of various building materials such as glass, concrete, wood, steel. Significant efforts are underway to control the nanostructured materials via innovative approaches. Although various materials are now in wide use for numerous applications, there has been continued demand for novel coatings with desirable properties for many other applications. This paper focuses on nanostructured materials and their properties and future applications, several of these applications will be successful in recent years. And the paper offers a possibility of a revised understanding of the relationship between nanostructured materials and the building construction in the understanding of innovative nano-approaches.

摘要：Objectives:Many studies concerning the roles and functions of school nurses exist,however,such studies are very limited in Turkey and there is any research on a comprehensive measuring tool that can evaluate teachers'and parents'perceptions and expectations of school nurses *** purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable assessment tool that can be used to determine parents'and teachers'expectations of school nurse's ***:For the methodological research"Parents'and Teachers'Expectations of School Nurse's Roles"scale was designed and administered at primary and high schools in *** assess the data,assessment of item variability,internal consistency,factor analysis,correlations between the scale and subscales,and test-retest reliability were ***:The content validity index for the scale was *** a result of core components analysis varimax rotation,7 factors were obtained from 54 ***'sαcoefficient for the factors ranged from 0.82 to *** intra-class correlation coefficient for the test-retest reliability was 0.859,P<***:The scale was a rather valid and reliable assessment tool in determining the parents'and teachers'expectations of school nurses'roles.

摘要：Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of raloxifene on leptin and insulin-like growth factor- I levels and their relation with the biochemical markers of bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. Study design: Sixty-four women were given 60 mg/d raloxifene for 6 months. Serum leptin, insulin-like growth factor- I, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, osteocalcin, and collagen type I cross-link C-telopeptide levels were measured before and after the treatment. The patients were grouped as obese (body mass index, ≥ 25 kg/m2) or non-obese (body mass index, < 25 kg/m2). Results: The mean basal leptin level was significantly higher (P < .001), and the mean crosslink C-telopeptide level was significantly lower (P = .001) in obese patients. Raloxifene therapy increased leptin levels (P < .001) and decreased insulin-like growth factor- I, alkaline phosphatase, and cross-link C-telopeptide levels significantly (P < .001). There was a strong negative correlation between leptin and cross-link C-telopeptide (r = - 0.703; P < .001). Insulin-like growth factor- I was not correlated with any parameter. Conclusion: Raloxifene increases serum leptin levels while decreasing bone resorption in postmenopausal women.

摘要：目的:研究以人群为基础的一级预防(在外观上健康人中降低危险因素)是否会比当前政府启动倾向在冠心病患者中降低危险因素的计划 (二级预防)更有成效。设计、地域及研究对象:用IMPACT模型来综合处理英格兰和威尔士的数据,包括冠心病患者数、采取特殊治疗情况、主要心血管危险因素的变化趋势,以及这些特定的危险因素改变在减少死亡方面为健康人和冠心病患者带来的获益。结果:在1981年至2000年间,冠心病死亡率下降54％,导致2000年死亡人数减少了68 230 人。在1981年至2000年间总吸烟率降低了 35％,其结果因戒烟大约少死亡29 715人(最低估计20 035人,最高估计44 675人):在已知冠心病患者中大约减少5035人,健康人中大约减少 24 680人。人群总胆固醇浓度降低了4．2％,其结果是因饮食改变减少死亡约5770人(冠心病患者1205人,健康人4565人),加上因他汀类药物治疗减少死亡2135人(冠心病患者1990人,无冠心病者145人)。人群血压均值下降了7．7％, 其结果约5870人因血压的自然下降而免于死亡 (冠心病患者520人,健康人5345人),另外在无冠心病者中约1890人因抗高血压药物治疗而免于死亡。因此,大约45 370人因人群中上述3项主要危险因素的降低而免于死亡,这包括大约 36 625例(81％)未诊断冠心病的人和约8745例 (19％)冠心病患者。结论:与二级预防相比,一级预防降低死亡的效果是其4倍多。未来的冠心病防治策略应优先考虑人群范围的控烟和更健康的饮食。