摘要：Almost estimators are designed for the white observation noise. In the estimation problems, rather than the white observation noise, there might be actual cases where the observation noise is modeled by the colored noise process. This paper examines to design a new estimation technique of recursive least-squares (RLS) Wiener fixed-point smoother and filter for colored observation noise in linear discrete-time wide-sense stationary stochastic systems. The observation y(k) is given as the sum of the signal z(k)=Hx(k) and the colored observation noise vc(k). The RLS Wiener estimators explicitly require the following information: 1) the system matrix for the state vector x(k);2) the observation matrix H;3) the variance of the state vector x(k);4) the system matrix for the colored observation noise vc(k);5) the variance of the colored observation noise;6) the input noise variance in the state equation for the colored observation noise.

摘要：A discrete optimization problem for minimizing the sum of fabrication cost and steel material cost of sf^el frames under constraints based on Japanese seismic code is set up. Enhancements of the genetic algorithm for the above-mentioned problem are proposed, which are combined with a 1D （one-dimensional） search or a 2D （two-dimensional） search. After the proposed methods are described, they are applied to a five-story frame. A comparison with an exact solution obtained by a revised enumeration algorithm demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

摘要：目的：报道一组患者发现在黄斑裂孔手术中使用吲哚青绿（ICG）辅助内界膜剥离后的视野缺损。并评估视野缺损与使用ICG间的关系。设计：回顾性、非对照性干预的一组病例。参与者：本研究中的39只眼来自38例临床诊断黄斑裂孔患者。自2001年1月1日至2002年12月31日间均接受了玻璃体切割术。干预：22只眼使用ICG辅助剥离内界膜：其中12只眼使用0．5％ICG溶液并暴露于视网膜3min（组1）。4只眼接受0．5％ICG溶液后立即进行冲洗（组2）。6只眼使用0．25％ICG溶液后亦立即冲洗（组3）。剩下的17只眼仅接受玻璃体切割术而未使用ICG辅助剥离内界膜（组4）。主要检测方法：采用视野、最佳矫正视力、眼底照相检查。结果：组1中的所有眼（100％）及组2的4只眼中的1只眼（25％）术后出现视野缺损。组3中所有患者均未出现视野缺损。视野缺损中鼻侧缺损10只眼（84％）。颞下缺损1只眼（8％）。1只眼（8％）则为广泛视野缺损。术后出现视野缺损的13只眼经眼底镜检查。其中8只眼（62％）发现轻至中度视盘苍白。组4中仅有1例患者出现颞下缺损。其他患者均无视野缺损。术后有或无视野缺损患者间其视力差别无统计学显着意义。结论：虽然本研究因入选病例较少而受限制。但我们的经验指出黄斑裂孔手术中使用ICG辅助剥离内界膜可导致术后视野缺损。特别是鼻侧缺损。这种视野缺损的发生率取决于ICG的浓度和（或）暴露于视网膜的时间。有待进一步研究以阐明视野缺损的病理机制。