摘要：Photocatalysis is believed to be one of the best methods to realize sustainable H2 production. However, achieving this through heterogeneous photocatalysis still remains a great challenge owing to the absence of active sites, sluggish surface reaction kinetics, insufficient charge separation, and a high thermodynamic barrier. Therefore, cocatalysts are necessary and of great significance in boosting photocatalytic H2 generation. This review will focus on the promising and appealing low-cost Ni-based H2-generation cocatalysts as the alternatives for the high-cost and low-abundance noble metal cocatalysts. Special emphasis has been placed on the design principle, modification strategies for further enhancing the activity and stability of Ni-based cocatalysts, and identification of the exact active sites and surface reaction mechanisms. Particularly, four types of modification strategies based on increased light harvesting, enhanced charge separation, strengthened interface interaction, and improved electrocatalytic activity have been thoroughly discussed and compared in detail. This review may open a new avenue for designing highly active and durable Ni-based cocatalysts for photocatalytic H2 generation.

摘要：作者着重谈了三点看法:1.轻巧的建筑结构与扎实的实体内涵之间配合构成整体平衡;2.建筑空间的抽象组织与实际分布之间关系的改进;3.建筑构图、量的比例与质的特征两者共同带来美的感觉问题。

摘要：The KDOT （kansas Department of Transportation） is currently adopting MEPDG （mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide） to replace the 1993 AASHTO （American Association of state Highway and Transportation Officials） design method. The main objective of this study was to compare flexible pavement design using 1993 AASHTO design guide and MEPDG. Five newly built Superior PERforming Asphalt PAVEments （Superpave）, designed using the 1993 AASHTO Design Guide, were selected as test sections for the design simulation study. Deflection data were collected approximately 8 to 10 weeks after construction using FWD （falling weight deflectometer）. The FWD deflection data were used to back-calculate the pavement layer moduli using three different back-calculation programs. The existing pavement structures were analyzed for a 10-year analysis period. The maximum numbers of years the existing pavement structures will be in a serviceable condition as well as the minimum thicknesses of different layers to serve for 10-years were also determined. Effects of changing subgrade modulus, target distress, and reliability were also investigated. The MEPDG design analysis shows that the 1993 AASHTO Guide-designed flexible pavements do not show the distresses currently observed in kansas for the 10-year design period. The MEPDG design simulation shows that the thinner the pavement sections, the higher the permanent deformation. The existing pavement structures can serve for more than 20 years as per the MEPDG design analysis if the default failure criteria and nationally-calibrated models are used.

摘要：Background： Despite the rapid growth in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction （AMI） in China, there is limited information about patients＇ experiences after AMI hospitalization, especially on long-tern1 adverse events and patient-reported outcomes （PROs）. Methods： The China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events （PEACE）-Prospective AMI Study will enroll 4000 consecutive AM I patients from 53 diverse hospitals across China and follow them longitudinally for 12 months to docunlent their treatment, recovery, and outcomes. Details of patients＇ medical history, treatment, and in-hospital outcomes are abstracted from medical charts. Comprehensive baseline interviews are being conducted to characterize patient demographics, risk factors, presentation, and healthcare utilization. As part of these interviews, validated instruments are administered to measure PROs, including quality of life, symptoms, mood, cognition, and sexual activity. Follow-up interviews, measuring PROs, medication adherence, risk factor control, and collecting hospitalization events are conducted at 1, 6, and 12 months after discharge. Supporting documents for potential outcomes are collected for adjudication by clinicians at the National Coordinating Center. Blood and urine samples are also obtained at baseline, 1 - and 12-month follow-up. In addition, we are conducting a survey of participating hospitals to characterize their organizational characteristics. Conclusion： The China PEACE-Prospective AMI study will be uniquely positioned to generate new information regarding patient＇s experiences and outcomes alter AMI in China and seiwe as a foundation for quality improveinent activities.

摘要：不管仔猪断奶早与晚,断奶仔猪的饲喂方案和营养策略应彻底地重新考虑,以确保保育期营养方案的成功实施。设计合理的营养方案和饲料预算不能独自确保保育方案的成功,必须配合其它措施。我们正开始明白,不但给幼龄猪喂什么饲料是重要的,而且教它们怎样采食和如何进行管理同样重要。一个成功的保育期饲喂方案包括多种要素,但最重要的是:A)尽可能从体重较重和日龄较大时开始保育;B)尽可能快地从复杂日粮转换为简单日粮;C)给仔猪提供正确的管理措施,使其能迅速找到食物和饮水,并经常调整喂料器,以获得最佳的饲料效率。

摘要：为了更好的帮助煤矿专业人员了解正压与负压束管在气体采样方面的基本性能,从而可以在煤矿自燃火灾监测领域上有更好的应用,设计了2个试验分别测试正压与负压束管长度与采样时间的关系、束管长度与稳定采样流量的关系;然后用2个经验函数拟合了2个试验的相关数据,并且根据拟合的函数对正压与负压束管的性能进行了比较和分析。试验表明,正压输气系统在相同长度下,无论采样时间还是采样流量都大大优于负压输气系统。

摘要：背景：人们对基因与环境在原发性帕金森病（Parkinson disease,PD)中的相对作用，一直存在争论。虽然基因研究已识别出2个基因，它们的突变可引起罕见的单基因PD变异型，观察研究也提示有遗传成分，但是孪生子研究却表明遗传在PD常见型中几乎不起作用。目的：确定原发性PD的遗传性危险因素。设计、地点和参加者：于1995－2000年进行的基因连锁研究。该研究在美国大陆和澳大利亚的13个临床人群，通过先证者找出174个有多人被诊断患原发性PD的家系，进行了全基因组搜索（n=344标记物）。共检查870名家庭成员：378人诊断患PD，379人无PD，113人未定。主要观察指标：从参数和非参数遗传连锁分析得出优势对数（logarithm of odds,lod)得分。结果：用两点参数的最大参数Lod得分（MLOD）和多点非参数lod得分（LOD）的连锁分析检查5个不同的染色体区连锁的重要证据：在至少有1人于40岁前发生PD的家系中，是6号染色体上的parkin基因（MLOD＝5．07；LOD＝5．47），在全部家系及晚发PD的家系中，是染色体17q(MLOD=2.28;LOD=2.62),8p(MLOD=2.01;LOD=2.22)和5q(MLOD=2.39;LOD=1.50)，在含左旋多巴有效和无效的两种患者的家系中，是染色体9q(MLOD=1.52;LOD=2.59).结论：我们的数据表明，在早发PD中parkin基因是重要的，在原发性晚发PD的发生中则可能有多个遗传因素具有重要作用。