摘要：Metalenses with achromatic performance offer a new opportunity for high-quality imaging with an ultracompact configuration;however,they suffer from complex fabrication processes and low focusing *** this study,we propose an efficient design method for achromatic microlenses on a wavelength scale using materials with low dispersion,an adequately designed convex surface,and a thickness profile *** taking into account the absolute chromatic aberration,relative focal length shift(FLS),and numerical aperture(NA),microlens with a certain focal length can be realized through our realized map of geometric ***,the designed achromatic microlenses with low-dispersion fused silica were fabricated using a focused ion beam,and precise surface profiles were *** fabricated microlenses exhibited a high average focusing efficiency of 65%at visible wavelengths of 410-680 nm and excellent achromatic capability via white light ***,the design exhibited the advantages of being polarization-insensitive and *** results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed achromatic microlens design approach,which expands the prospects of miniaturized optics such as virtual and augmented reality,ultracompact microscopes,and biological endoscopy.

摘要：High-entropy alloys(HEAs)possess outstanding features such as corrosion resistance,irradiation resistance,and good mechan-ical properties.A few HEAs have found applications in the fields of aerospace and *** studies on the deformation mech-anisms of HEAs can guide microstructure control and toughness design,which is vital for understanding and studying state-of-the-art structural *** X-ray and neutron diffraction are necessary techniques for materials science research,especially for in situ coupling of physical/chemical fields and for resolving macro/microcrystallographic information on ***,several re-searchers have applied synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction methods to study the deformation mechanisms,phase transformations,stress behaviors,and in situ processes of HEAs,such as variable-temperature,high-pressure,and hydrogenation *** this review,the principles and development of synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction are presented,and their applications in the deformation mechanisms of HEAs are *** factors that influence the deformation mechanisms of HEAs are also *** review fo-cuses on the microstructures and micromechanical behaviors during tension/compression or creep/fatigue deformation and the application of synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction methods to the characterization of dislocations,stacking faults,twins,phases,and intergrain/interphase stress *** on future developments of synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction and on research directions on the deformation mechanisms of novel metals are discussed.

摘要：High-entropy alloys(HEAs),which were introduced as a pioneering concept in 2004,have captured the keen interest of nu-merous ***,in this context,can be perceived as representing disorder and *** contrast,elemental composi-tions within alloy systems occupy specific structural sites in space,a concept referred to as *** accordance with Shannon entropy,structure is analogous to ***,the arrangement of atoms within a material,termed its structure,plays a pivotal role in dictating its *** addition to expanding the array of options for alloy composites,HEAs afford ample opportunities for diverse structural *** profound influence of distinct structural features on the exceptional behaviors of alloys is underscored by numer-ous *** features include remarkably high fracture strength with excellent ductility,antiballistic capability,exceptional radi-ation resistance,and corrosion *** this paper,we delve into various unique material structures and properties while elucidating the intricate relationship between structure and performance.

摘要：多硫离子穿梭和锂枝晶生长严重阻碍了锂硫电池的实际应用进程,而合理的隔膜结构可以达到一石二鸟的作用.本工作设计了一种携带有分散性TiN/CoO颗粒的氮掺杂碳纳米管结构(TCCNT),并将其用于锂硫电池隔膜修饰层.TCCNT的多孔结构和表面/内部携带的TiN/CoO颗粒不但实现了对多硫化物的物理、化学吸附和快速催化转化作用,其高导电性的空腔结构和亲锂作用还能够均化锂离子流,在5 mA cm^(-2)的电流密度下实现长达2000 h的均匀锂沉积/剥离过程.TCCNT合理的结构设计有利于各材料组分之间最大限度地发挥协同效应.采用改性隔膜所组装的锂硫电池在常规和高硫载量两种情况下均表现出较好的电化学性能,表明其具有一定的实际应用潜力.

摘要：调控电荷转移和反应路径是促进光催化CO_(2)还原的两种有效策略.本研究通过热解UIO-66@ZIF-67核壳八面体,合成了Co_(3)O_(4)/ZrO_(2)介孔八面体.该介孔八面体由高度分散的小尺寸纳米颗粒组装而成,平均颗粒尺寸为13 nm,平均孔径为5.8 nm,比表面积为43.11 m^(2)g^(-1).受益于活性位点设计,电荷转移动力学和CO_(2)吸附得以增强.此外,密度泛函理论计算结果显示,ZrO_(2)能够有效调控CO_(2)还原的反应路径,包括促进CO_(2)活化为*CO_(2)、中间体(*COOH和*CO)的形成、以及减小限速步(*CO→CO)的能垒.因此,Co_(3)O_(4)/ZrO_(2)介孔八面体的周转率高达28.82,是纯Co_(3)O_(4)的16.95倍.

摘要：Short-range ordering(SRO)is one of the most important structural features of high entropy alloys(HEAs).However,the chemical and structural analyses of SROs are very difficult due to their small size,complexed compositions,and varied *** electron microscopy(TEM)as well as its aberration correction techniques are powerful for characterizing SROs in these compositionally complex *** this short communication,we summarized recent progresses regarding characterization of SROs using TEM in the field of *** using advanced TEM techniques,not only the existence of SROs was confirmed,but also the effect of SROs on the deformation mechanism was ***,the perspective related to application of TEM techniques in HEAs are also discussed.

摘要：在过去几十年中,将二氧化碳光还原转化为有用的化学燃料(甲烷、一氧化碳和甲醇等)受到了极大的关注.然而,由于光生电荷的复合速度快,二氧化碳和水分子的共吸附不足,目前的二氧化碳光还原系统的效率还远远不能令人满意.本文报道了在疏水碳纤维纸上构建一个紧密的二维/二维石墨相氮化碳@碘氧铋梯型(S型)异质结,用于高效的二氧化碳光还原.所制备的异质结具有良好的一氧化碳选择性(77.8%)和活性(458.0μmol h^(-1)m^(-2)).良好的光催化性能归因于良好设计的S型异质结结构,提高了电荷分离效率,以及形成了气-液-固三相界面,充分保证了二氧化碳和水的同时供给.这项工作为高效光催化二氧化碳还原系统的设计提供了新思路.

摘要：Exclusive responsiveness to ultraviolet light (~3.2 eV) and high photogenerated charge recombination rate are the two primary drawbacks of pure TiO_(2). We combined N-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs), morphology regulation, and heterojunction construction strategies to synthesize N-GQD/N-doped TiO_(2)/P-doped porous hollow g-C_(3)N_(4) nanotube (PCN) composite photocatalysts (denoted as G-TPCN). The optimal sample (G-TPCN doped with 0.1wt% N-GQD, denoted as 0.1% G-TPCN) exhibits significantly enhanced photoabsorption, which is attributed to the change in bandgap caused by elemental doping (P and N), the improved light-harvesting resulting from the tube structure, and the upconversion effect of N-GQDs. In addition, the internal charge separation and transfer capability of0.1% G-TPCN are dramatically boosted, and its carrier concentration is 3.7, 2.3, and 1.9 times that of N-TiO_(2), PCN, and N-TiO_(2)/PCN(TPCN-1), respectively. This phenomenon is attributed to the formation of Z-scheme heterojunction between N-TiO_(2) and PCNs, the excellent electron conduction ability of N-GQDs, and the short transfer distance caused by the porous nanotube structure. Compared with those of N-TiO_(2), PCNs, and TPCN-1, the H2 production activity of 0.1%G-TPCN under visible light is enhanced by 12.4, 2.3, and 1.4times, respectively, and its ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation rate is increased by 7.9, 5.7, and 2.9 times, respectively. The optimized performance benefits from excellent photoresponsiveness and improved carrier separation and migration efficiencies. Finally, the photocatalytic mechanism of 0.1% G-TPCN and five possible degradation pathways of CIP are proposed. This study clarifies the mechanism of multiple modification strategies to synergistically improve the photocatalytic performance of 0.1% G-TPCN and provides a potential strategy for rationally designing novel photocatalysts for environmental remediation and solar energy conversion.

摘要：Traditional tumor models do not tend to accurately simulate tumor growth in vitro or enable personalized treatment and are particularly unable to discover more beneficial targeted *** address this,this study describes the use of threedimensional(3D)bioprinting technology to construct a 3D model with human hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cells(3DP-7721)by combining gelatin methacrylate(GelMA)and poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)as two immiscible aqueous phases to form a bioink and innovatively applying fluorescent carbon quantum dots for long-term tracking of *** GelMA(10%,mass fraction)and PEO(1.6%,mass fraction)hydrogel with 3:1 volume ratio offered distinct pore-forming characteristics,satisfactorymechanical properties,and biocompatibility for the creation of the 3DP-7721 *** analysis and quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction(PCR)were used to evaluate the biological properties of the *** with the two-dimensional culture cell model(2D-7721)and the 3D mixed culture cell model(3DM-7721),3DP-7721 significantly improved the proliferation of cells and expression of tumor-related proteins and ***,we evaluated the differences between the three culture models and the effectiveness of antitumor drugs in the three models and discovered that the efficacy of antitumor drugs varied because of significant differences in resistance proteins and genes between the three *** addition,the comparison of tumor formation in the three models found that the cells cultured by the 3DP-7721 model had strong tumorigenicity in nude *** evaluation of the levels of biochemical indicators related to the formation of solid tumors showed that the 3DP-7721 model group exhibited pathological characteristics of malignant tumors,the generated solid tumors were similar to actual tumors,and the deterioration was *** research therefore acts as a foundation for the application of 3DP-7721 models in drug devel

摘要：压力传感器仍然面临着将高灵敏度与宽检测范围相结合的挑战.基于此,我们设计了一种拉-压转换(TC)结构,并将其与变刚度策略相结合来制造压力传感器件.该结构能够将二维可拉伸材料的传感性能转换为三维可压缩设备的传感性能.传感和机械性能可以使用模拟和理论计算进行设计.斜面结构能够在24.3 N范围内提供线性传感.变刚度设计策略使传感器能够以高灵敏度(3.5 N^(-1))感知较小载荷,并具有宽的检测范围(0.002–24.300 N,扩展范围82.6 N).此外,该传感结构可以在水下环境中稳定工作.这种使用二维可拉伸应变传感器作为传感单元来开发压缩传感装置的设计策略将为未来提供新的思路.